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EDWARD AXTELL 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 

AND ALL ABOUT IT. 

A PRACTICAL, SCIENTIFIC, 

AND 

UP TO DATE GUIDE 
TO THE BREEDING 

OF 

THE AMERICAN DOG 

BY 

EDWARD AXTELL 

Proprietor St. Botolph Kennels, Clif tondale, Mass., U.S. A< 

ASSOCIATE MEMBER 
AMERICAN KENNEL CLUB 

MEMBER OF 
THE BOSTON TERRIER CLUB 

For Twelve Year* 

THE BOSTON TERRIER CLUB OF NEW YORK 



Published by 

THE DOGDOM PUBLISHING COMPANY 

BATTLE CREEK. MICH. 



s^ 






COPYRIGHT JANUARY IQIO 

BY 

DOGDOM PUBLISPIING COMPANY. 



€ni.A2n9331 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. Page 

The Boston Terrier 9 

CHAPTER II. 
The Boston Terrier Club; Its History; The 
Order of Business ; Constitution, By-Laws 

and Official Standard i8 

The Boston Terrier Standard 28 

CHAPTER III. 

Kennelling 3^ 

CHAPTER IV. 

General Hints On Breeding 37 

CHAPTER V. 

Rearing Of Puppies 56 

CHAPTER VT. 

Breeding For Size 68 

CHAPTER VII. 
Breeding For Good Disposition 73 

CHAPTER Vni. 
Breeding For a Vigorous Constitution 81 

CHAPTER IX. 
Breeding for Color and Markings 94 

CHAPTER X. 
Sales no 

CHAPTER XI. 
Boston Terrier Type and the Standard 125 

CHAPTER XII. 
Technical Terms used in Relation to the Bos- 
ton Terrier and Their Meaning 133 



INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Frontispiece Edward Axtell 

Champion Remlik Bonnie Opp. page 20 

Champion Druid Vixen OpP- page 20 

Little Dan Opp. page 28 

Champion Caddy Belle Opp. page 36 

Champion Mister Jack Opp. page 36 

Barnard's Tom Opp. page 44 

Hall's Max Opp. page 44 

Ringmaster Opp. page 52 

Champion Fosco Opp. page 52 

J. P. Barnard Opp. page 60 

"Pop" Benson with Bunny II . . .Opp. page 68 

Sir Barney Blue Opp. page 68 

Champion Lady Dainty Opp. page 76 

Champion Todd Boy Opp. page 84 

Squantum Punch Opp. page 92 

Champion Willowbrook Glory. . .Opp. page 92 

Edward Burnett Opp. page 100 

Champion Queenie VI Opp. page 108 

Tom Sayers Opp. page 108 

Druid Merk Opp. page 1 16 

Goode's Buster Opp. page 124 

Champion Whisper Opp. page 124 

Champion Roxie Opp. page 132 

Champion Boylston Reina ..... .Opp. page 132 



CHAPTER I. 



THE BOSTON TERRIER. 



Who and what is this little dog that has 
forced his way by leaps and bounds from Bos- 
ton town to the uttermost parts of this grand 
country, from the broad Atlantic to the Golden 
Gate, and from the Canadian border to the Gulf 
of Mexico? Nay, not content with this, but has 
overrun the imaginary borders north and south 
until he is fast becoming as great a favorite on 
the other side as here, and who promises in the 
near future, unless all signs fail, to cross all 
oceans, and extend his conquests wherever man 
is found that can appreciate beauty and fidelity 
in man's best friend. What passports does he 
present that he should be entitled to the recogni- 
tion that he has everywhere accorded him? A 
dog that has in 35 years or less so thoroughly 
established himself in the affections of the great 
body of the American people, so that his friends 
offer no apology whatever in calling him the 
American dog, must possess peculiar qualities 
that endear him to all classes and conditions of 
men, and I firmly believe that when all the fads 



lo THE BOSTON TERRIER 

for which his native city is so well known have 
died a natural death, he will be in the early bloom 
of youth. Yea, in the illimitable future, when 
the historian McCauley's New Zealander is la- 
menting over the ruins of that marvelous city 
of London, he will be accompanied by a Boston 
terrier, who will doubtless be intelligent enough 
to share his grief. In reply to the query as to 
who and what he is, it will be readily recalled 
that on the birth of possibly the greatest poet 
the world has ever seen it was stated : 

"The force of nature could no further go, 
To make a third, she joined the other two.'' 
And this applies with equal force to the produc- 
tion of the Boston terrier. The two old stand- 
ard breeds of world-wide reputation, the English 
bulldog and the bull terrier, had to be joined to 
make a third which we believe to be the peer of 
either, and the superior of both. The dog thus 
evolved possesses a type and individuality strictly 
his own, inherited from both sides of the house, 
and is a happy medium between these two grand 
breeds, possessing the best qualities of each. To 
some the name "terrier" would suggest the form- 
ation of the dog on approximate terrier lines, 
but this is as completely erroneous as to imag- 
ine that the dog should approach in like propor- 
tion to the bull type. When the dog was in its 
infancy it was frequently called the Boston bull, 



THE BOSTON TERRTRR ii 

and then again the round-headed bull and ter- 
rier, and later, when the Boston Terrier Club 
was taken under the wings of the great A. K, C. 
in 1893, it became officially known as the Boston 
terrier. 

There are several features that are character- 
istic of the dog that tend to its universal popu- 
larity — its attractive shape, style and size, its 
winning disposition, and its beautiful color and 
markings. From the bulldog he inherits a sweet, 
charming personality, quiet, restful demeanor, 
and an intense love of his master and home. He 
does not possess the restless, roving disposition 
which characterizes so many members of the 
terrier tribe, nor will he be found quarreling 
with other dogs. From the bull terrier side he 
inherits a lively mood, the quality of taking care 
of himself if attacked by another dog, and of 
his owner, too, if necessary, the propensity to 
be a great destroyer of all kinds of vermin if 
properly trained, and an ideal watch dog at 
night. No wonder he is popular, he deserves 
to be. The standard describes him as fol- 
lows: 

"The general appearance of the Boston terrier 
is that of a smooth, short-coated, compactly built 
dog of medium station. The head should indi- 
cate a high degree of intelligence and should be 
in proportion to the dog's size; the body rather 



12 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

short and well knit, the limbs strong and finely 
turned, no feature being so prominent that the 
dog appears badly proportioned. The dog con- 
veys an impression of determination, strength 
and activity, style of a high order and carriage 
easy and graceful." 

The men composing the Boston Terrier Club, 
who framed this standard in 1900, were as 
thoughtful a body as could possibly be gotten 
together, and they carefully considered and de- 
liberated over every point at issue, and in my 
estimation this standard is as near perfect as any 
can be. I was an interested participant in the 
discussion of the same, having in my mind's eye 
as models those two noted dogs owned by that 
wonderful judge of the breed, ]\Ir. Alex. Goode, 
Champion Monte, and his illustrious sire, Buster, 
If one takes the pains to analyze the standard h,e 
will be impressed by the perfect co-relation of 
harmony of all parts of the dog, from the tip 
of his broad, even muzzle, to the end of his short 
screw tail. Nothing incongruous in its makeup 
presents itself, but a graceful, symmetrical style 
characterizes the dog, and I firmly believe that 
any change whatever would be a detriment. 

It does not seem hardly necessary at this late 
date to give a histor}^ of the dog, but perhaps 
for that large number of people who are intensely 
interested in him but have not had the chance 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 13 

to have been made acquainted with his origin, 
a brief survey may be of service. Although Bos- 
ton rightly claims the honor of being the birth- 
place of the Boston terrier, still I think the 
original start of the dog was in England, for the 
first dog that was destined to be the ancestor 
of the modern Boston terrier was a dog named 
Judge, a cross between an English bull and bull 
terrier, imported from the other side and owned 
by Mr. R. C. Hooper, and known as Hooper's 
Judge. 

On my last visit to England I found that quite 
a number of dogs have been bred in this way, 
viz., a first cross between the bull and terrier, 
especially in the neighborhood of Birmingham 
in the middle of England; but these dogs are 
no more like the Boston terrier than an ass is 
like a thoroughbred horse. Judge was a dark 
brindle, with a white stripe in face, nearly even 
mouthed, weighing about thirty-two pounds, and 
approximating more to the bull than the terrier 
side. He was mated to a white, stocky built, 
three-quarter tail, low stationed bitch, named 
Gyp (or Kate), owned by Mr. Edward Burnett 
of Southboro. Like Judge, she possessed a 
good, short, blocky head. It may not be out of 
place to state here that some few years ago, on 
paying a visit to Mr. Burnett at Deerfoot Farm, 
Southboro, he told me that in the early days he 



14 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

possessed thirteen white Boston terrier dogs 
that used to accompany him in his walks about 
the farm, and woe to any kind of vermin or 
vagrant curs that showed themselves. From 
Judge and Gyp descended Well's Eph, a low- 
stationed, dark brindle dog wath even white 
markings, w^eighing twenty-eight pounds. Eph 
was mated to a golden brindle, short-headed, 
twenty pound bitch, having a three-quarter tail, 
named Tobin's Kate. From this union came a 
red brindle dog with a white blaze on one side 
of his face, white collar, white chest, and white 
feet, weighing twenty-two pounds, and posses- 
sing the first screw tail, named Barnard's Tom. 
I shall never forget the first visit I made to 
Barnard's stable to see him. To my mind he 
possessed a certain type, style and quality such 
as I had never seen before, but which stamped 
him as the first real Boston terrier, as the dog 
is today understood. I was never tired of going 
to see him and his brother, Atkinson's Toby. 
Tom was mated to a dark brindle bitch, evenly 
marked, weighing twenty pounds. She had a 
good, short, blocky head, and a three-quarter 
tail, and known as Kelley's Nell. The result of 
this mating was a dog destined to make Boston 
terrier history, and to my mind the most famous 
Boston terrier born, judged by results. He was 
known as "Mike," commonly called "Barnard's 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 15 

Mike." He was a rather light brindle and white, 
even mouthed, short tailed dog, weighing about 
twenty-five pounds, very typical, but what im- 
pressed me was his large, full eye, the first I 
had ever seen, and which we see so often occur- 
ring in his descendants. I owned a grandson 
of his named "Gus," 48136, who was almost a 
reproduction of him, with eyes fully as large. 
Unfortunately he jumped out of a third-story 
window in my kennels and permanently ended 
his usefulness. Chief among the direct descend- 
ants from Hooper's Judge were the noted stud 
dogs, Ben Butler, Hall's Max, O'Brien's Ross, 
Hook's Punch, Trimount King, McMullen's 
Boxer, and Ben, Goode's Ned, and Bixby's Tony 
Boy. The two dogs that impressed me the most 
in that group were Max, a fairly good sized, 
beautiful dispositioned dog that could almost 
talk, belonging to Dr. Hall, then a house doctor 
at the Eye and Ear Infirmary, Charles street. 
He was used, I am told, a great deal in the stud, 
and sired a great many more puppies than the 
doctor ever knew of. Bixby's Tony Boy was the 
other. I had a very handsome bitch by him out of 
a Torrey's Ned bitch, and liked her so much that 
I offered Mr. Bixby, I believe, $700 for Tony, 
only to be told that a colored gentleman (who 
evidently knew a good thing when he saw it) 
had offered him $200 more. 



i6 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

Of the line of early bitches of the same breed- 
ing may briefly be mentioned Reynold's Famous, 
dam of Gilbert's Fun ; Kelley's Nell, dam of 
Ross and Trimount King; Saunder's Kate, dam 
of Ben Butler ; Nolan's Mollie, dam of Doctor, 
Evadne and Nancy. 

Quite a number of other small dogs were sub- 
sequently introduced into the breed, which had 
now been somewhat inbred. These were largely 
imported from the other side, and were similar 
in type to Hooper's Judge. One of the most 
noted was the Jack Reede dog. He was an 
evenly marked, reddish brindle and white, rather 
rough in coat, three-quarter tail, weighing four- 
teen pounds. Another very small dog was the 
Perr}' dog, imported from Scotland, bluish and 
white in color, with a three-quarter straight tail, 
and weighing but six pounds. I have always felt 
very sorry not to have seen him, as he must have 
been a curiosity. Still another outside dog, also 
imported, and very quarrelsome, white in color, 
weighing eighteen pounds, with a good, large 
skull, and an eye as full as Barnard's Mike, but 
straight tail, was Kelley's Brick. Another out- 
side dog (I do not know where he came from), 
was O'Brien's Ben. He was a short, cobby, 
white and tan brindle color, three-quarter tail, 
with a short head and even mouth. It will be 
observed that practically all these outside dogs 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 17 

were small sized, and were selected largely on 
that account. By the continued inbreeding of 
the most typical of the sons and daughters of 
Tom, the present type of the dog was made per- 
manent. 

Perhaps this somewhat restricted review of 
the breed, going back over thirty-six or seven 
years and showing the somewhat mixed ancestry 
of our present blue-blooded Boston terrier of 
today, may afford some explanation of the di- 
versity of type frequently presented in one litter. 
I have seen numbers of litters where the utmost 
attention has been paid to every detail with the 
expectancy of getting crackerjacks, to find that 
one will have to wait for the "next time," as the 
litter in question showed the bull type, and the 
terrier also, and very little Boston ; but fortu- 
nately, with the mating intelligently attended to, 
and the putting aside of all dogs that do not 
comport to the standard as non-breeders, a type 
of a dog will be bred true to our highest ideals. 
My advice to all breeders is, do not get dis- 
couraged, try, yes, try again, and Boston terri- 
ers, that gladden the eye and fill the pocketbook, 
will be yours. 



CHAPTER II. 



THE BOSTON TERRIER CLUB. 



ITS HISTORY, THE ORDER OF ITS BUSINESS, CON- 
STITUTION, BY-LAWS, AND OFFICIAL 
STANDARD. 

In 1900 a club was formed in Boston by a 
comparatively small body of men who were very 
much interested in the dog then known as the 
Round-Headed Bull and Terrier dog. These 
men were breeders and lovers of the dog, and 
their main object in coming together was not to 
have a social good time (although, happily, this 
generally took place), but to further the inter- 
ests of the dog in every legitimate way. The 
dog had been shown at the New England Ken- 
nel Club show, held in Boston in April, 1888, 
being judged by Mr. J. P. Barnard, Jr., ofttimes 
styled "the father of the breed," practically two 
years before the formation of the Club. The 
year following the Club applied for admission 
in the American Kennel Club, and recognition 
for their dogs in the Stud Book. The A. K. C. 
stated that while perfectly willing to take the 
Club into its fold, they could not place the dog 
in the Stud Book, as he was not an established 
breed, and suggesting, that as the dog was not 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 19 

a bull terrier, and as he was then bred exclu- 
sively in Boston, the name of the "Boston Ter- 
rier Club." The year following the A. K. C, 
after a great deal of persuasion by the loyal and 
devoted members of the Club, became convinced 
of the merits of the breed, and formally ac- 
knowledged the same by admitting the Club to 
membership, and giving their dog a place in the 
official Stud Book. 

The Boston Terrier Club is duly incorporated 
under the laws of Massachusetts, has a present 
membership of from seventy-five to a hundred, 
men and women who are devoted to the dog, 
and willing to do everything for its advance- 
ment. The annual meeting is held on the sec- 
ond Wednesday in December, at which a num- 
ber of judges are elected, whose names are 
forwarded to the bench show committees of the 
principal shows, requesting that one of the num- 
ber be elected to officiate as judge of the Boston 
terriers. Monthly meetings are held which are 
always exceedingly interesting and instructive. 

The officers are elected by printed ballots sent 
to all members of the Club, who mark and re- 
turn them. They consist of the president, vice- 
president, secretary, and treasurer. The execu- 
tive committee consists of the officers (ex officio) 
and three others. 

The Club gives a specialty show yearly in 



20 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

Boston and is the largest and greatest of one 
breed fixtures ; the dog being, in fact, one of the 
largest supporters of the dog shows in the 
country. Cups and medals are offered at most 
of the bench shows for competition among the 
members, and at the Ladies' Kennel Association 
shows a cup and medal were offered, open to 
all exhibitors of Boston terriers. 

In view of the fact that so many Boston 
Terrier Clubs are starting up all over the coun- 
try, and even beyond, the following Order of 
Business, Constitution, By-Laws, and Official 
Standard, can safely be taken as models: 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 



I. 


Calling meeting to order. 


2. 


Roll call. 


3. 


Reading of minutes. 


4- 


Reports of officers. 


5- 


Reports of standing committees by sen- 




iority. 


6. 


Reports of special committees. 


7- 


Communications. 


8. 


Applications for membership. 


9- 


Election of members. 


10. 


Election of officers. 


II. 


Unfinished business. 




CHAMPION REMLIK BONNIE 




CHAMPION DRUID VIXEN 



THE BOSTOx\ TERRIER 21 

12. New business. 

13. Welfare of the Club. 

Under this heading is included remarks 
and debates intended to promote the in- 
terests of the Club and the Boston terrier 
in general. 

14. Adjournment. 



CONSTITUTION. 



ARTICLE I. 

NAME. 

This Association shall be known as and called 
the Boston Terrier Club. 

ARTICLE II. 

OBJECT. 

The object of the Club shall be to promote and 
encourage the breeding and improvement of the 
Boston Terrier Dog, as defined by its standard. 

ARTICLE III. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Section i. Applications for membership 
must be accompanied by the mem.bership fee and 
endorsed by two members, and made at least 
seven days before action by the Club, to the sec- 
retary or a member of the membership commit- 



22 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

tee, who shall refer it to said committee for in- 
vestigation. 

Sec. 2. Any member can resign from the 
Club by sending his resignation to the secretary 
in writing, and upon the acceptance of such, all 
his interest in the property of the Club ceases 
from the date of such resignation. 

Sec. 3. Any member whose dues shall remain 
unpaid for one month after the same becomes 
due, shall cease to be a member, and forfeit to 
the Club all claims and benefits to which he 
would have been entitled as a member, provided 
that the executive committee may consider his 
case, and upon sufficient cause shown, reinstate 
him to membership upon payment of his dues. 

ARTICLE IV. 

MANAGEMENT. 

Section i. The officers of the Club shall 
consist of a president, vice-president, secretary, 
treasurer, and an executive committee, of which 
three shall constitute a quorum ; said committee 
to consist of the above named officers and three 
active members chosen by the Club. 

Sec. 2. Any office vacated during the year 
shall be filled by the executive committee. 

ARTICLE V. 
Section i. Nomination for officers and 
judges for the ensuing year shall be made either 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 23 

by mail or from the floor, at a meeting to be 
held in November, at least twenty days prior to 
the annual meeting, the call to contain the pur- 
pose of the meeting, after which nominations 
shall be closed. The secretary shall mail a bal- 
lot containing all regular nominations to each 
member in time to be voted at the annual meet- 
ing. 

Sec. 2. The officers of the Club shall be 
chosen by ballot at the annual meeting and shall 
hold their respective offices for one year or until 
their respective successors are elected. 

Sec. 3. Mail voting shall be allowed on 
amendments to the Constitution, By-Laws, 
Standard and Scale of Points. 

Sec. 4. Each member shall have the right to 
vote on the election of officers and judges by 
mailing the official ballot duly marked and sealed 
to the secretary, and enclosed in an envelope, 
which envelope shall also contain the name of the 
member so voting. 

ARTICLE VI. 

MEETINGS. 

Section i. There shall be meetings of the 
Club, at which seven members present and vot- 
ing shall constitute a quorum, held at Boston, 
Mass., at such time and place as the president 
may direct, but the annual meeting shall be held 



24 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

on the second Wednesday in December of each 
year. 

SPECIAL MEETINGS. 

Sec. 2. A special meeting- of the Chib shall 
be called by tlie president on the written applica- 
tion of five members in good standing. 

BY-LAWS. 



ARTICLE I. 

DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 

Section i. President. — The president shall 
discharge the usual duties of his office, preside 
at all meetings of the Club and of tlie executive 
committee, call special meetings of the Club, or 
of the executive committee, and enforce the pro- 
visions of the Constitution and By-Laws of the 
Club. He may vote on am.endments to the Con- 
stitution or alteration of the By-Laws and Stand- 
ard or Scale of Points, on the expulsion or sus- 
pension of a member, and on election of officers 
and judges. But on all other matters he shall 
vote only in case of tie and then give the decid- 
ing vote. 

Sec. 2. Vice-President. — The vice-president 
shall discharge all the dutif'S of the president in 
the latter's absence. 

Sec. 3. Secretary. — The secretary shall have 
charge of all official corresi)ondence, keep copies 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 25 

of all letters sent by him, and file such as he 
may receive, and correspond at the request of 
the president or executive committee on all mat- 
ters appertaining to the object of the Club. He 
shall keep a roll of the members of the Club 
with their addresses. 

He shall be exempt from payment of annual 
dues. 

Sec. 4. Treasurer. — The treasurer shall col- 
lect and receive all moneys due the Club and 
keep a correct account of the same. He shall 
pay all orders drawn on him by the executive 
committee out of the funds of the Club, v,hen 
countersigned by the president, and present a 
report of the condition of affairs in his depart- 
ment at the request of the executive committee 
or president, and at the annual meeting. The 
treasurer shall furnish a bond satisfactory to 
the executive committee. 

Sec. 5. Committees. — The executive commit- 
tee shall make all purchases ordered by the Club, 
audit the accounts of the treasurer and report 
the same at the annual election in December, 
and transact all business not otherwise provided 
for. 

It shall have the power to appoint sub-com- 
mittees for any special purpose, and to delegate 
to each sub-committee the powers and func- 
tions of the committee relating thereto. 



26 - THE BOSTON TERRIER 

The president shall be the chairman of the 
executive committee. 

Sec. 6. Sub-Committees. — The standing sub- 
committees shall be a membership committee of 
five and a pedigree committee of three. 

The membership committee shall investigate 
the standing of all applicants, and report to the 
Club for action those names it considers as d**.- 
sirable members. 

The pedigree committee shall investigate the 
pedigrees of those dogs offered for registration 
in the Boston Terrier Stud Book. 

The chairman of the pedigree committee shall 
have the custody of the Club stud book, and 
shall enter in the same the registrations allowed 
by the B. T. C. 

ARTICLE II. 

DISCIPLINE. 

The executive committee shall have the power 
to discipline by suspension a member found 
guilty of conduct prejudicial to the best inter- 
ests of the Club. All charges against a member 
must be made in writing and filed with the ex- 
ecutive committee, and no member shall be sus- 
pended without an opportunity to be heard in 
his own defense. When the expulsion of a mem- 
ber is considered advisable, the report of the 
committee shall be presented to the Club, whose 
action shall be final. 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 2.y 
ARTICLE III. 

DUES. 

Section i. The entrance fee shall be five dol- 
lars, which must accompany the application for 
membership. 

Sec. 2. The annual dues shall be ten dollars, 
payable upon notice of election and at each an- 
nual meeting thereafter. 

ARTICLE IV. 

JUDGES. 

Section i. There shall be elected by ballot 
each year at the annual meeting a corps of not 
more than fifteen judges, a list of whose names 
shall be sent to bench show committees with a 
request that the judge of Boston terriers at their 
approaching shows be selected from said list. 

Sec. 2. The Club judges may exhibit, but 
shall not compete at or be interested directly or 
indirectly in the show at which they officiate. 
ARTICLE V. 
amendments. 

This Constitution and these By-Laws, and the 
Standard and Scale of Points may be amended 
or altered by a two-thirds vote at any regular 
meeting or special meeting called for that pur- 
pose. 

Notice of proposed change having been given 
to all members at least ten days previous to said 
meeting. 



28 THE BOSTON TERRIER 
THE BOSTON TERRIER STANDARD. 



The general appearance of the Boston terrier 
is that of a smooth, short-coated, compactly built 
dog of medium station. The head should indi- 
cate a high degree of intelligence, and should be 
in proportion to the dog's size ; the body rather 
short and well knit, the limbs strong and finely 
turned, no feature being so prominent that the 
dog appears badly proportioned. 

The dog conveys an impression of determin- 
ation, strength and activity. Style of a high 
order, and carriage easy and graceful. 

Skull — Broad and flat, without promi- 
nent cheeks, and forehead free from wrinkles. 

Stop — Well defined, but indenture not too 
deep. 

Eyes — Wide apart, large and round, neither 
sunken nor too prominent, and in color dark and 
soft. The outside corner should be on a line with 
the cheeks as viewed from the front. 

Ears — Small and thin, situated as near cor- 
ners of skull as possible. 

Muzzle — Short, square, wide and deep, with- 
out wrinkles. Nose black and wide, with a well- 
defined straight line between nostrils. The jaw 
broad and square, with short, regular teeth. The 
chops wide and deep, not pendulous, completely 
covering the teeth when mouth is closed. 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 29 

Neck — Of fair length, without throatiness, 
and slightly arched. 

Body — Deep and broad of chest, well ribbed 
up. Back short, not roached. Loins and quar- 
ters strong. 

Elbows — Standing neither in nor out. 

Fore legs — Wide apart, straight and well 
muscled. 

Hind legs — Straight, quite long from sjtifle 
to hock (which should turn neither in nor out). 
Short and straight from hock to pastern. Thighs 
well muscled. Hocks not too prominent. 

Feet — Small, nearly round, and turned nei- 
ther in nor out. Toes compact and arched. 

Tail — Set on low, short, fine and tapering, 
straight or screw, devoid of fringe or coarse 
hair, and not carried above the horizontal. 

Color — Any color, brindle, evenly marked 
with white, strongly preferred. 

Markings — White muzzle, blaze on face, col- 
lar, chest and feet. 

Coat — Fine in texture, short, bright, and not 
too hard. 

Weight — •Lightweight class, 12 and under 17 
pounds ; m.iddleweight class, 17 and under 22 ; 
heavyweight class, 22 and under 28 pounds. 

Disqualification — Docked tail and any arti- 
ficial means used to deceive the judge. 



30 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

SCALE OF POINTS. 

Skull 12 

Ears 2 

Eyes 5 

Stop 2 

Muzzle 12 

Neck 5 

Body 15 

Elbows 2 

Forelegs 4 

Hind legs 4 

Feet 2 

Tail 10 

Color 8 

Markings 4 

Coat 3 

General appearance and style 10 



CHAPTER III. 



KENNELLING. 



It goes without saying that any place is not 
good enough for a dog, although when one 
considers the way some dogs are housed in 
small, dark outbuildings, or damp, ill-lighted 
and poorly ventilated cellars, or even perhaps 
worse, in old barrels or discarded drygoods 
boxes in some out-of-the-way corner, it is not 
surprising the quality of the puppies raised in 
them. 

A great many people who only keep one or 
two dogs keep them in the kitchen or living 
room, and here, of course, conditions are all 
right, but the fancier who keeps any consider- 
able number will find that it pays to house his 
dogs in a comfortable, roomy, dry building, free 
from draughts, on high lands (with a gravel 
foundation, if possible), that can be flooded 
with sunshine and fresh air. Such a kennel can 
be simple or elaborate in construction, severely 
plain or ornamental in its architecture, but it 
must possess the above characteristics in order 
to have its occupants kept in the pink of condi- 



32 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

tion. Where half a dozen dogs are kept, I thhik 
a kennel about 20 feet long, nine feet wide, with 
a pitched roof, nine feet high in the front, and 
at the back seven feet, with a southern exposure, 
with good windows that open top and bottom, 
and a good tight board floor will do admirably. 
This can, of course, be partitioned ofif in pens 
to suit, with convenient runs outside wired at 
the top to prevent dogs jumping over. The 
building should, of course, be well constructed, 
covered with good sheathing paper, and either 
clapboarded or shingled. Such a building should 
be cool in summer and warm in winter, and 
thoroughly weather proof. If provided with a 
good "Eureka ventilator" and well painted, the 
dogs and their owner will be satisfied. Where a 
much larger number of dogs are kept, then a 
corresponding amount of floor space is a neces- 
sity. I rather like the style of a kennel, say from 
fifty to a hundred feet long, twelve to fifteen feet 
wide, with an open compartment or shed, about 
twelve feet long (in which the dogs can take a 
sun bath or get the air if the weather is not 
favorable to go outside. This also makes an 
ideal feeding pen), in the middle of the house, 
without outside runs to each pen, and each run 
opening into a large exercising yard, so that 
all the dogs may have a good frolic together, of 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 33 

course, under the watchful eye of the kennel 
man. 

The large breeders will also require a separate 
building at some distance from the main kennels 
for use as a hospital, a small kennel for his 
bitches in season, and some small, portable ken- 
nels which can be placed under adequate shade 
trees for his litters of puppies during the hot 
weather. It would be an excellent plan if good 
shade trees could be planted to cover all the 
runs, but if this is not possible, then it is advis- 
able to have at the rear of the kennels a clear 
space covered over with a roof, say ten or twelve 
feet wide, for the dogs to have free access to 
during the heat of the day. 

Perhaps a description of our own kennels, 
entirely different in construction from these, 
and costing more to build, may be of interest 
here. We have two buildings, seventy-five feet 
apart, built exactly like a house, with two stories 
and a high basement or cellar, twenty-five feet 
wide and thirty feet long. One of these houses 
is lined with matched paneling and divided off 
on each floor into separate compartments ; the 
other is only boarded, one thickness of good 
paper and clapboarded'and, of course, not nearly 
as warm. This second building has no pens in 
it. The basement has a stone wall at the back, 
but on the east, south and west sides is boarded 



34 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

to the ground, and has a dry gravel floor. These 
buildings are well supplied with windows (the 
same as a house), and get the sun all day. In 
these buildings we have no artificial heat what- 
ever, and all stock, except small puppies, are 
kept there. Our pups in the winter have warm 
quarters until they are four months old, when 
they are placed in the south side of the warmer 
kennels. All puppies are kept in the cool base- 
ment in the hot weather, and during the summer 
our bitches in whelp are kept there also. We 
have not any separate runs attached to these 
buildings, which entails a much closer watch on 
the dogs, of course, but each building opens 
into a very large enclosure with abundant shade 
trees, and the dogs can, if let out, have the run 
of several acres. 

In the fall of the year we have several tons of 
rowen (second crop hay with a good deal of 
clover in it) put in the upper story of the open 
kennel, and a smaller amount in the first story, 
and during the winter a certain number of young 
dogs that will not quarrel amongst themselves 
are given the run of the building where they 
burrow into the soft hay and are as comfortable 
as can be. Particular care has to be taken that 
they do not get any bones or any food to quarrel 
over, or trouble would ensue right away. Allow 
me to say that only dogs brought up together 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 35 

with perfect dispositions can be allowed to run 
together. A strange dog must never be placed 
with them or his days will be numbered. In 
the summer, of course, no dogs are kept in the 
upper story, as they would suffer from the heat. 
Also no bitches in whelp are ever allowed to run 
together. 

In the other kennel in each pen during the cold 
weather is a large, tight box, with hole in side, 
filled with this soft hay, renewed when necessary, 
in which two dogs sleep very comfortably. The 
windows in each kennel, as soon as the weather 
permits, are kept open at the top night and day, 
and top and bottom while the dogs are out doors 
in the daytime, and in this way the kennels can 
be kept perfectly sweet and sanitary. Three 
times during the year, in spring, midsummer and 
fall, the kennels are treated with a thorough 
fumigation of sulphur. We buy bar sulphur by 
the barrel of a wholesale druggist or importer, 
and use a good quantity (a small dose does not 
do much good), keeping the kennel windows 
and doors tightly closed for twelve hours, after 
which the building is thoroughly aired before 
the dogs are returned. Of course, this would 
not be practical during the winter, nor is it at 
all necessary. We find that once a week (except 
of course, during the cold weather), it is a 
good plan to give the woodwork that the dog 



36 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

comes in contact with a good sprinkling with a 
watering pot with a sokition of permanganate 
of potassium, using a tablespoonful of the crys- 
tals dissolved in a quart of hot water. It costs 
at wholesale fifty cents per pound, and is the 
best disinfectant I have ever used. Unless the 
kennels are kept scrupulously clean the dogs' 
eyes, especially the puppies, are liable to become 
seriously inflamed. The gravel in the basement 
we remove to a depth of eight inches twice a 
year, putting fresh in its place. Where a large 
number of dogs are kept it will be found very 
convenient to have a cook house, wash room and 
a small closet for kennel utensils in close prox- 
imity to the kennels. 

By attending to these important essentials, 
viz., an abundance of pure air and sunshine, pro- 
tection from dampness, draughts, and cold, 
proper disinfecting, and sufficient protection 
from the intense heat of summer, good health, 
and a reasonable amount of success can be con- 
fidently expected, but disease will surely find an 
entrance where these requirements are not rt^ef, 

I would like to add that kennels ority'^Riffe^ 
enough for white mice, or percKk"ifc^^pi^bMic^ 
rats, can never be successfiVTly'^^i^ed^lo'^^r^i^ 
Boston terriers in. '^f^^ ^'■"''^ ^''^ .^ii^aao^^n lis 

..rli >{-io //hoor rrit ov'-g ol nr.lq hoog 




CHAMPION CADDY BELLE 






1 


H9RI 


1 


^^^^^nmy^ y ^1^ ^ 


b^ ..i^jB 


^^^■^Bdb' ^ 


E v^^B 


HHH^k|^K>i^ 


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BKi ;¥.^JiiP!! JIBF "^H^^^^^^^HH 


1 



CHAMPION MISTER JACK 



CHAPTER IV. 



GENERAL HINTS ON BREEDING. 



0} 

Having become possessed of suitable kenn^Js 
to house his stock, the breeder is conffoftt^awjkh 
the great question: How and,r!a^hf&"ejsbftli'fJ<ittb- 
tain my breeding stock ?jo MiS^hriJ^^ftdB ,©flcP 
right start and the gettin@[<«^ii|hfil^erQpfj1.i5i«(i 
of dogs for tfe]:foitt^tjer9.rri;0iJg le^fbrrated 
Boston pQet^-.J^limr-iyW'mMh }^Qhtm,ziwheii 

asked^p'w^^ ^^oB^hiJ^^ ^^^m\ep^.M6uMdh9&9, 
Vf:<?m^b'MP)M"i<^'^ .l!un^r^r^m"^bei©o^ itiV^afs 

rfer!§§d§^(f Si^h^ii^erSt^jel wlje!fey«rijd6$Qirtptifen 

^hmj^tlffe %i^Jn^^ l^bapf^ssitllh jjaitioi*- 

^risjfj^ge?: t$i-[jth|^^iB<^t^9 Uff\&(, iorrsl*>tho«t;te 
Ig{?pd ^nc.e^iy ^f 'v^^qU fer^d, i(tfc)g9j pCKsefe'istnghtbfe 
^gt Q^[^i5f|o^ti€«iSi ;«0fn?tjtuti6ns «ndi confaaliaify 
4ffrlb^q6t4^f^4?V^,fiie/,i^LN¥^i??ftTthai<ni^diCsfe^Tn'>3do 
9fl>\V$iet^!^r'tJif.9st3;jfferia'jitiade-, vfilhp^onfc bctchotr 
-4o§0?e^e^. fli >b^\fei th^^feegt} ':pla©3tdof ©HsTWR mi to 
obti%ifb&fg?Kl^tiab>fef teedeif? ^iwtedof «m thc^g^nsarol 

^^fti^m,Whattn\m G^sjifeFS - theobe^tJatDdc: dbttaHt- 



38 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

of course, that these bitches will be candidates 
for bench honors, but it does mean that if mated 
with suitable sires the production of good, all- 
round puppies with a reasonable amount of luck 
will be the result. It would be useless to attempt 
to deal with the subject of breeding in more 
than a few of its aspects, for after a period of 
twenty-five years of expended and scientific 
experiments in the breeding exclusively of Bos- 
tons, I shall have to confess that there are many 
problems still unsolved. The rules and regula- 
tions that govern the production of many other 
breeds of dogs seems impotent here, the assump- 
tion that "like produces like" does not seem to 
hold good frequently in this breed, but perhaps 
the elements of uncertainty give an unspeakable 
; charm to the efforts put forth for the production 
of the dogs which will be a credit to the owner's 
kennel. The old adage that "there is nothing 
duller than a puzzle of which the answer is 
known," can readily be applied here. I shall 
endeavor to confine my remarks to the laws 
observed and the lines followed for the produc- 
tion of dogs in our kennels, especially in the 
attainment of correct color and markings, vigor- 
ous constitutions and desirable dispositions. 

In speaking of the breeding stock I am aware 
that I am going contrary to the opinion of many 
breeders when I state that I believe that the 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 39 

dam should possess equal or more quality than 
the sire, that her influence and characteristics 
are perpetuated in her posterity to a greater de- . 
gree than are those of the sire's, especially that.' 
feature of paramount importance, a beautiful 
disposition, hence I speak of the maternal side, 
of the house first. There are two inexorable 
laws that confront the breeder at the onset, more 
rigid than were those of the Medes and Per- 
sians, the non-observance of which will inevit- 
ably lead to shipwreck. Better by far turn 
one's energies in attempting to square the circle, 
or produce a strain of frogs covered with 
feathers, than attempt to raise Boston terriers 
"without due attention being given to those physi- 
ological laws which experience has proven cor- 
rect. The first law is that "Like produces like," 
although, as previously stated in the case of 
this breed, more than in any other known to the 
writer, many exceptions present themselves, even 
when the utmost care has been exercised, still 
the maxim holds good in the main. The second 
law is that of Heredity, too often paid inadequate 
attention to, but which demands constant and 
unremitting apprehension, as it modifies the first - 
law in many ways. It may be briefly described 
as the biological law by which the general char- 
acteristics of living creatures are repeated in 
their descendants. Practically every one has 



40 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

noticed its workings in the human family, how 
many children bear a stronger resemblance to 
their grandparents, uncles, cousins, etc., than to 
their parents, and in the lower order of animals, 
and it seems to me in the Bostons especially, 
this tendency to atavism, or throwing back to 
some ancestor, in many cases quite remote, is 
very pronounced, hence the necessity of a good 
general knowledge of the pedigree and family 
history of the dogs the breeder selects for his 
foundation stock. A kennel cannot be built in 
a day ; it takes time, money, perseverance, and 
a strict attention to detail to insure success. 

"Breed to the best," is a golden rule, but this 
applies not only to the animals themselves, but 
also in a far greater measure to the good general 
qualities possessed by their ancestry. Far more 
pregnant with good results would be the mating 
of two good all-round specimens, lacking to a 
considerable extent show points, but the prod- 
ucts of two families known for their general 
excellence for several generations, than the off- 
spring would be of two noted prize winners of 
uncertain ancestry, neither of which possessed 
the inherent quality of being able to reproduce 
themselves. It will be noted that very few first 
prize winners had prize winning sires and dams. 
The noted stud dogs of the past, "Buster," 
"Sullivan's Punch," "Cracksman." "Rickey's 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 41 

Teddy IV.," and many others were not in them- 
selves noted winners, and the same statement 
may be made of the dams of many of the prize 
winning dogs, but they possessed in themselves 
and their ancestry that "hall mark" of quality 
which appeared in a pronounced form in their 
offspring. Experience has shown that first class 
qualities must exist for several generations in 
order to render their perpetuation highly prob- 
able. The converse of this is equally true, that 
any bad qualities bred for the same length of 
time are quite as hard to eliminate. If the dog 
or bitch possesses weak points, be sure to breed 
to dogs coming from families that are noted 
for their corresponding strong points. In this 
case the principle of "give and take" will be 
adopted. It used to be the ambition of every 
breeder (or, at least, most of them), to produce 
a winner, rather than the production of a line 
of dogs of good uniform type, of good average 
salable quality, but most have lived long enough 
to see that this has not paid as well in money 
or expected results as where similar endeavors 
have been directed towards the production of 
good all-round dogs, always striving to advance 
their dogs to a higher grade of excellence. In 
this way in nearly every instance prize winning 
dogs have been produced, and there is this 
peculiarity noticeable in this breed, that any one, 



42 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

whether he be a breeder of the greatest number, 
or a very poor man owning only one or two 
in his kitchen kennel, possesses an equal chance 
of producing the winner of the blue. The 
breeder of today has a far easier time than in 
the early days of the dog when type was not 
as pronounced or fixed, and when considerable 
inbreeding of necessity had to be resorted to. In 
almost all parts of the country stud dogs of first 
class lineage are obtainable and the general 
public are educated sufficiently to understand the 
good points of the dog. I think the breeding of 
this dog appeals to a wider class of people than 
any other breed, from the man of wealth who 
produces the puppies to be given away as wed- 
ding presents or Christmas gifts, down to the 
lone widow, or the man incapacitated for hard 
work, who must do something to keep the wolf 
from the door, and who finds in the raising of 
these charming little pets a certain source of 
income and a delightful occupation combined. 
I do not think that any one may apprehend that 
the market will ever be overstocked, for as the 
dog becomes known, the desire for possession 
among all classes will be correspondingly in- 
creased, and as he is strictly an American 
product, no importation from Europe can pos- 
sibly supply winners, or specially good dogs, as 
is the case with almost all other breeds. And 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 43 

the fact is demonstrated that dogs of A i qual- 
ity can be produced on American soil. 

There are two or three subjects that demand 
the most careful consideration at the hands of 
the breeder, and to which I am afraid in many 
cases not particular enough attention is given. 
I refer in the first place to the question of in- 
breeding, an admitted necessity in the early 
history of the dog, but in the writer's estimation 
very harmful and much to be discouraged at the 
present time. I will yield to no man in the 
belief that the fact is absolutely and scientifi- 
cally true that close consanguineous breeding 
is the most powerful means of determining 
character and establishing type, in many in- 
stances justifiable as the only correct way to fix 
desirable qualities, both physical and mental, 
but extreme care must be exercised that both 
parties to the union must be of good quality and 
not share the same defects, and where it is evi- 
dent that the extra good qualities on the one 
side more than outbalance the defects of the 
other, and extreme precaution must always be 
paid to avoid carrying this system too far. 

In regard to intense inbreeding, as in the case 
of mating dogs from the same sire and dam, or 
the bitch to her sire, or dam to son, I thing it is 
highly objectionable and should never under 
any circumstances be resorted to; failure will 



44 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

ensue. Far better to let the bitch go by un- 
mated and lose six months than mate her in this 
way because a suitable stud dog was not at the 
time available. I believe that this inbreeding 
is productive of excessive nervousness, weak- 
ness in physical form, the impairment of breed- 
ing functions, and the predisposition to dis- 
ease in its multiform manifestations. 

That eminent authority, Sir John Seabright, 
the originator of the early race of bantams, 
known as the silver and gold spangled Sea- 
brights, also conducted an exhaustive series of 
experiments on the inbreeding of dogs and dem- 
onstrated to an absolute certainty that the sys- 
tem was productive of weakness, diminished 
growth, and general weediness. His experiments 
had a world-wide reputation and the writer, when 
he first visited his large estates near London, little 
dreamed that in after years he would personally 
benefit by Sir John's work. I believe the pre- 
vailing ideas in many quarters a number of years 
ago, as to the general stupidity of the Boston 
terrier (and in some isolated cases I believed 
well founded), arose from the fact that it was 
popularly believed he was too much inbred. I 
will give just one case of inbreeding in our ken- 
nels, tried for experiment's sake, as a warning. 
I took the most rugged bitch I possessed and 
mated her to her sire, a dog of equal vigor. The 





fi 


^S^^b ^ ^^^^^1 


|w^r^ 


»ar-****^l 


r^^^^ 



BARNARD'S TOM 




HALL'S MAX 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 45 

result was six puppies, strong, and as handsome 
as a picture. When two months old they were 
sold to different parties on the Eastern sea- 
board, from Philadelphia up to the Canadian 
line. This was before the West had "caught on" 
to the breed. About two months later I had a 
letter from New York stating that the pup was 
growing finely, but that he seemed to be hard 
of hearing. A few days after this I received 
another epistle from Salem that the puppy I had 
sent on was believed to be stone deaf. It would 
be superfluous to add that the purchase money 
was returned, and the other four customers were 
notified of the condition of the others. It may 
seem somewhat incredible, but two out of the 
four stated that they believed the pups had de- 
fective hearing, and declined to receive their 
money back, and the other two stated that be- 
fore my notification they had never observed 
that their dogs were deaf. Here was a case of 
the entire litter being perfect practically in every 
other respect, and yet every one stone deaf, and 
in my estimation not worth a sou. As we have 
never had a case of deafness in our kennels be- 
fore or since, we attribute this solely to in- 
breeding. 

Another important feature, little understood, 
and frequently much dreaded, is that of Ante- 
cedent Impressions. When a bitch has been 



46 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

served by a dog not of her own breed it has been 
proven in extremely rare cases that the subse- 
quent Htters by dogs of her own kind, showed 
traces (or, at least, one or more of the litter 
did) of the dog she was first lined by. The 
theory by physiologists is that the life-giving 
germ, implanted by the first dog, penetrates the 
serous coat of the ovary, burrows into its paren- 
chyma, and seeks out immature ova, not to be 
ripened and discharged perhaps for years, and 
to produce the modifying influence described. 
Many breeders are unwise enough to believe 
that a bitch the victim of misalliance is practic- 
ally ruined for breeding purposes and discard 
her. While, of course, we believe in the fact of 
Antecedent Impressions, we think they are as 
rare as the proverbial visit of angels. We have 
given this subject serious attention and have 
tried numerous experiments, using various dogs 
to ward our bitches, including a pug, spaniel, 
wire-haired fox terrier, pointer, and perhaps one 
other, and we have never seen a trace of these 
matings in subsequent litters. One case, for 
example: In another part of this book we al- 
lude to a dog spoken of by Dr. Mott, in his 
"Treatise of the Boston Terrier," named "Mug- 
gy Dee." The grandmother of this charming 
little dog was bred in our kennels, by name, "St. 
Botolph's Bessie." He sold her to a Boston 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 47 

banker, and she matured into a beautiful dog. 
Upon coming in season she was unfortunately 
warded by a spaniel on the estate, which so dis- 
gusted her owner that he gave her to the coach- 
man. She proved a perfect gold mine to him, 
as she raised two litters of elegant ideal Bostons 
every twelve months for a great number of years, 
and never at any time showed any result of the 
misalliance. 

On the subject of Mental Impressions we need 
say but little, as the chances of it ever taking 
place are so small that we merely give it a passing 
notice and say that in all our experience we 
have never been troubled with a case. For the 
benefit of the uninitiated will briefly state that 
this consists of the mental impression made on 
the mind of a bitch by a dog with whom she 
has been denied sexual intercourse, affecting the 
progeny resulting from the union of another dog 
with the bitch, generally in regard to the color, 
and this strange phenomena, when it does occur, 
is apt to mark usually one puppy of each litter. 

A fact not generally known by breeders is that 
if a bitch is lined by a second dog at any time 
during heat, the chances are that a second con- 
ception may take place, resulting in two distinct 
sets of pups, half-sister or brother to each other. 
This fact we have proven. 

There is one other important feature which 



4d THE BOSTON TERRIER 

must be noticed before this chapter is closed, and 
that is Predetermining the Sex. Most breeders, 
of course, are anxious to have male pups pre- 
dominate in a litter, and it is a demonstrated 
fact that ordinary mating produces from four to 
ten per cent more males than females. For a 
number of years I had always believed it was 
impossible to breed so as to attain more than 
the excess of males above noted, but several 
years ago I accepted an invitation from Mr. 
Barnett, of Deerfoot Farm, of Southboro (the 
owner of Kate or Gyp, the mother of the breed), 
to spend the day. He was, as will be recalled, 
one of the earliest and most enthusiastic breed- 
ers of the Boston, and is now a scientific breeder 
of choice dairy stock. We had been discussing 
a number of problems in regard to raising stock, 
when he exclaimed: "Mr. Axtell, I believe I 
have discovered the problem of sex breeding. If 
I want heifer calves, I breed the cow as soon 
as she comes in season. If a bull calf is wanted, 
the cow is served just before going out of sea- 
son." And said he, "In nineteen experiments I 
have only been unsuccessful once, and I think 
you might try the same plan with your Bostons." 
I have since done so, and although not nearly 
the same measure of success has attended my 
experiments as his, yet by breeding bitches at 
the close of the heat rather than at its com- 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 49 

mencement, the number of males in a litter has 
materially increased. Again, I find if a young, 
vigorous dog is bred to a similar bitch, females 
will predominate in the offspring, whereas, if 
the same bitch is bred to a much older dog, an 
excess of males will generally occur. Occa- 
sionally some dogs will be met with that no 
matter what mated with, will produce largely 
males, and some the opposite of this will nearly 
always produce females, and some bitches, no 
matter how bred, do likewise, but these are ex- 
ceptions, and not the rule. A kennel man need 
never worry about sex, inasmuch as good dogs 
of either gender will always be in demand. 

The law of Selection must be carefully at- 
tended to to insure the best results. Choose 
your best and most typical bitches for breeding, 
especially those that approximate rather to the 
bull type and are rather long in body and not 
too narrow in their hind quarters. I do not care 
if the dam has a somewhat longer tail than the 
dog, my experience has been that a bitch pos- 
sessing a tight screw tail did not do quite as well 
in whelping as one having one a little longer. 
Do not consider this as suggesting that the tail is 
a matter of secondary importance, by no means, 
it is of primal import, and too much attention 
can never be given to the production of this 
distinguishing mark of the dog. A Boston 



50 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

without a good tail is almost as worthless as a 
check without a signature. 

Be sure at the time of breeding the bitch is 
free from worms, A great many are troubled 
whose owners are totally ignorant of the fact, 
and this frequently accounts for non-success. 
Always remember that worms thrive the most 
when the alimentary canal is kept loaded with 
indigestible or half-digested food, and that 
liquid foods are favorable to these pests, while 
solids tend to expel them. Freshly powdered 
areca nut, in teaspoonful doses, and the same 
quantity of a mixture of oil of male fern and 
olive oil, three parts oil and one part male fern 
oil, I find are both excellent vermifuges to give 
to matured dogs. Give a dose and two days 
after repeat, and this, I think, will be found 
generally effectual. 

Do not, on any account, allow the breeding 
stock to become too fat. Proper feeding and 
exercise, of course, will prevent this. It will 
be found if this is not attended to that the 
organs of generation have lost their functional 
activity, and if pups are produced, are, as a 
rule, small and lack vigor. My experience with 
Bostons is that it is very desirable to breed them 
as often as they come in senson ; if allowed to go 
by it will be found increasingly harder to get 
them in whelp. I think a stud dog, to last for a 



THE BOSTON TERRIER $1 

reasonable number of years, should not be used 
more frequently than once a week. I have found 
it pays best to give the bitch in whelp a 
generous feed of raw meat daily. It often 
effectually prevents the puppy-eating habit. 

In closing these general hints on breeding, al- 
low me to say there is no reason whatever, if 
one has a genuine love for the dog and is thor- 
oughly in earnest in his attentions to it, why the 
breeding problem should possess any great 
terrors for him. Perhaps, before closing this 
chapter, it might be well to write on one or two 
matters, practically of no special import, but 
which may at times be instructive and illuminate 
some few incidents that may puzzle the be- 
ginner. 

I allude first to that strange phenomena known 
as "false heat," to which Bostons, more than 
any other breed with which the writer is fa- 
miliar, are liable, and which consists of the bitch 
coming "in season" between the two periods in 
the year when she legitimately should do so, and 
after being warded by the dog, is, of course, not 
in whelp. The next is somewhat akin to this, 
and consists of the fact that the bitch, after 
being properly warded by a dog, notwithstanding 
all the external evidences of being in whelp, 
even to the possession of milk in her breasts at 
the expiration of the ninth week, is not so, nei- 



52 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

ther has she been. If, in addition to the abcJve 
symptoms, and there has been unusual abdom- 
inal, uterine, and breast enlargement, with a dis- 
charge of blood for several days and no pups are 
in evidence, then in this case it may safely be 
concluded that the offspring fell victims to the 
puppy-eating habit, in which case a close watch 
must be kept on the bitch at the next time of 
whelping, as this is a curable habit generally. I 
have had two cases to my knowledge, both of 
which were cured I think, largely by giving 
these two bitches all the raw meat they could 
possibly eat while in whelp. One other fact, 
related somewhat to the last two, and one that 
the inexperienced breeder must give intelligent 
heed to, is that some bitches go through the 
entire period of gestation without presenting a 
single sign of pregnancy appreciable to the 
ordinary observer. Of course, to a dog man the 
facts of the case would in all probability be 
known, but I shall have to confess, after years 
of extended experience I myself have been de- 
ceived two or three times. Never give up hope 
until the last gun is fired. 

I think it will generally be considered a good 
plan, if the bitch is expected to whelp in the 
kennel she has been in the habit of occupying, 
to thoroughly clean out and wash with boiling 
water the box or corner she will use, to destroy 




"RINGMASTER" 
Registered as Sport IV 




CHAMPION FOSCO 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 53 

all eggs and worms that may chance to be there. 
I also deem it a good plan to rub gently into her 
coat and over her breasts precipitated sulphur 
two or three days before the expected arrival. 
If the bitch is suffering from a severe case of 
constipation at this time, a dose of castor oil 
will be of service, otherwise, let her severely 
alone. A bitch that is in good health, properly 
fed, that has free access to good wholesome 
drinking water, can safely be left without a 
cathartic. Another important fact to be observed 
in breeding Bostons, is the suitability of certain 
stud dogs for particular bitches. It used to be 
my belief for a number of years, and I suppose 
many dog men today entertain the same idea, 
that a first class dog in every respect mated with 
a number of equally well bred typical bitches 
would produce on an average a comparatively 
uniform type of pups. Nothing could be further 
from actual results. The same dog bred, say to 
four females practically alike in style, size, con- 
formation, color and markings, and from com- 
mon ancestry, will give perchance in one litter 
two or three crackerjacks, and the other three 
will contain only medium pups. This same 
thing will occur every time the dogs are bred. 
This is because the bitch with the choice pups 
and the dog "nick," a phrase signifying that 
some psychological union has taken place, not 



54 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

understood by man, in which the best points of 
both dogs are reproduced in their offspring. 
Whenever one finds a dog eminently suited to 
his bitch, do not make a change, always breed 
to the same dog. I am perfectly cognizant of 
the fact that a great temptation presents itself 
to want to breed to a better dog, a noted prize 
winner probably, expecting, of course, that in- 
asmuch as the dam did so well with a somewhat 
inferior dog, she must of necessity do corre- 
spondingly better with an A i dog. The rea- 
soning is perfectly correct, but the result does 
not correspond. Very inferior pups to her 
previous litter by the inferior dog surprise and 
disgust the owner. In our kennels we have had 
numerous examples of this. One bitch espe- 
cially, years ago, when bred to "Buster," always 
gave first class puppies of uniform type each 
litter, but the same bitch bred to some noted 
prize winner always gave ordinary pups. An- 
other bitch that at the present time is practically 
retiring from the puppy raising business from 
age, when bred to Hickey's Teddy IV., always 
had in her litter four crackerjacks out of the 
seven or eight she always presented us with ; 
when bred to any other dog (and we have tried 
her with several), no matter how good, never 
had a first class pup in the litter. Hence I repeat, 
if a dog "nicks" with your bitch, resulting in good 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 55 

pups, do not on any account ever change. Let 
the marriage last for Hfe. Somewhat closely 
connected with this last fact is another equally 
important, the fact of prepotency in a stud dog, 
consisting of the capacity on the part of the dog 
to transmit his share of characteristics to his 
offspring in a far larger degree than is im- 
parted by the average dog. Those who closely 
follow the breed will discover how certain dogs 
do, and have done in the past, from "Barnard's 
Mike" down to certain dogs of the present time, 
stamp the hall-mark of excellence on all the 
pups they sire, in a greater or less degree. 
Happy are those owners of dams who are aware 
of this important fact and take pains to use in 
the stud dogs of this character. I have some- 
times wondered how much Barnard's Mike was 
worth to the breed. It will be doubtless re- 
membered by horsemen that the great trainer, 
Hiram Woodruff, speaking of the importation 
of the thoroughbred, "Messenger," one of the 
founders of the American trotter, in_ 1788, said 
that "when Messenger charged down the 
gang-plank, in landing from the ship, the value 
of not less than one hundred million dollars 
struck our soil." He would be a very courage- 
ous man who would dare compute the worth of 
"Mike" or "Buster" or "Sullivan's Punch," 
when viewed from the same standpoint. 



CHAPTER V. 



REARING OF PUPPIES. 



Assuming that the bitch has successfully 
whelped and all goes well, there is practically 
nothing to do beyond seeing that the mother is 
well fed, in which good meat, and where there 
is a good sized litter of pups, a liberal supply of 
milk and oatmeal gruel, is furnished. In case 
the mother's supply of milk is inadequate, then 
a foster mother must be obtained, or the pups 
brought up on a bottle. If a bottle, then a 
small one, kept scrupulously clean, with a rub- 
ber nipple that fits easily without compression. 
The pups must be kept perfectly warm, away 
from draughts, in a basket lined with flannel, 
and fed the first week every hour and a half 
day and night, every two hours the second week, 
and three hours in the third. I find that good, 
fresh cow's milk, diluted one-quarter with warm 
water, is the nearest approach to their natural 
food. After three weeks they can be fed less 
frequently with a spoon, and can readily be 
taught to lap up the milk. Where it is practi- 
cal, it is always advisable to have two or more 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 5; 

bitches whelp together, and then the pups are 
provided for if anything happens. 

In case the bitch should lose her pups, she 
must be fed sparingly and her breasts should be 
gently rubbed with camphorated oil to prevent 
caking. It is not uncommon for Boston terrier 
pups to be born with hare-lips, in which case 
it is far better to put them to sleep at once, as 
they rarely ever live and are a deformity if they 
do. Be sure that the puppies' quarters have 
abundance of sunshine and fresh air, or they 
will never thrive as they should, but will be 
prone to disease. They are very much like plants 
in this respect. When the pups are four weeks 
old (I used to commence at five, but so many 
deaths have occurred in my kennels that of late 
I have commenced a week earlier), give them a 
mild vermifuge for worms. No matter if they 
do not show symptoms of harboring these pests, 
do it just the same. You will doubtless dis- 
cover the reason very soon. Only those who 
have had experience in handling and breeding 
puppies are aware of their danger from worms. 
I know of nothing more disappointing than to 
go to the kennel and find the fine litter of pups 
that looked so promising, and on which such 
high hopes had been placed, with distended 
stomachs and the flesh literally wasted away. 
When this is the case do not waste a moment, 



58 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

administer the vermifuge. If the intestinal walls 
have not yet been perforated by these pests, or 
too great an inflammation of the alimentary canal 
produced, or convulsions occasioned by the im- 
pression of the worms upon the head center of 
the nervous system have not yet taken place, the 
pups, or most of them, can be saved. Hence the 
need of taking time by the forelock and getting 
rid of the worms before they get in their work. 
There are all kinds of worm medicines on the 
market, and I have tried them all. While some 
are all right for older pups, many of them have 
proven too harsh in their efifects and puppies as 
well as worms have been destroyed. The fol- 
lowing recipe I know will rid the little tots of 
their trouble without injuring them: 

Wormseed oil, sixteen drops. 

Oil of turpentine, two drops. 

Oil of anise, sixteen drops. 

Olive oil, three drachms. 

Castor oil, four drachms. 
Put into a two-ounce bottle, warm slightly, shake 
well, and give one-half teaspoonful, floated on 
the same quantity of milk. If the worms do not 
pass away, repeat the dose the next day. 

To those who would rather administer the 
dose in the form of a capsule, then I strongly 
recommend Spratts* Puppy Capsules, except 
when the pups are unusually small. I have just 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 59 

written to the Spratts people, telling them that 
their puppy capsules are too large for very 
small pups of the Boston terrier breed, and their 
manager has assured me he will have some made 
half the size. I think when the pups are about 
seven weeks old, when they are generally 
weaned, it is good, safe, precautionary measure 
to give them another dose of worm medicine, 
when we use, 

Santonine, four grains. 

Wormseed oil, twenty drops. 

Oil of turpentine, three drops. 

Olive of anise, sixteen drops. 

Olive oil, two drachms. 

Castor oil, six drachms. 
Warm slightly, shake thoroughly and give one 
teaspoonful on an empty stomach, and I think 
it will be found that the worms will be elimin- 
ated. I have found it also a good plan every 
little while to give a teaspoonful of linseed oil 
to young dogs. For several years I was troubled 
with the loss of puppies eight or nine weeks old 
that had been effectually freed from worms, that 
seemed to gradually fade away, as it were, but 
an autopsy plainly revealed the cause. The 
mother, after eating a hearty meal, would return 
and vomit what she had eaten on the hay which 
the puppies would greedily devour. In so doing 
they swallowed some of the hay, which effected 



^ THE BOSTON TERRIER 

a lodgment in the small intestines, not being 
digested, until enough was collected to cause a 
stoppage, and the puppies consequently died. 
The cause being removed, v/e lost no more pups. 
As infection is always in lurk in kennels it is, I 
think, always advisable to give puppies that have 
passed the tenth week a dose of vermifuge oc- 
casionally until after the ninth month. When 
the kennels are kept perfectly free from fleas 
and other noxious insects, during the warm 
weather a thorough good washing once a week 
is of great benefit to the growing stock, and I 
know of no soap so good to use as the following : 

I lb. of Crown Soap (English harness soap). 

1-2 ounce of mild mercurial ointment (com- 
monly called by the chemists "blue oint- 
ment"). 

I ounce of powdered camphor. 
Mix thoroughly, and take a very small quantity 
and rub into the coat, thoroughly rinsing after- 
wards, followed by careful drying. Every day 
a good brushing will be found of great benefit, 
and when an extra luster is desired in the coat, 
as for the show bench, there is nothing that will 
do the trick as readily as to give the coat a 
thorough good dressing with newly ground yel- 
low corn meal, carefully brushing out all the 
particles, which will leave the coat immacu- 
lately clean. 








J. p. BARNARD, 
The father of the Boston Terrier 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 6i 

In regard to feeding the pups after weaning, 
it will be found an excellent plan to feed until 
ten weeks old four times a day, from that 
age until six months old, three times daily, and 
from, that age until maturity, twice daily. I 
think a good drink of milk once a day excellent, 
and where there are enough fresh table scraps 
left to feed the pups, nothing better can be 
given. Where the number of dogs kept is too 
numerous to be supplied in this way, then a 
good meal of puppy buscuits in the morning, 
a good meal of meat (fresh butcher's trimmings, 
not too fat, bought daily) with vegetables at 
noon and at night well cooked oatmeal or rice 
with milk makes an excellent safe diet. Good, 
large bones with some meat on are always in 
order, as all dogs crave, and I think ought to 
have, some meat raw. Be careful not to over 
feed, and above all do not give the dogs sweets. 
When a puppy is delicate or a shy feeder, an 
egg beaten up in milk forms an excellent change, 
and good fresh beef or lamb minced up will 
tempt the most delicate appetite. Give the pup- 
pies a chance to get out on the fresh grass and 
see what Dr. Green will do for them. Above all 
see that they always have free access to pure, 
cool water. 

I frequently hear numerous complaints of 
dog's eyes, especially pups that have been newly 



62 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

weaned, becoming inflamed, and in many cases 
small ulcers form. The same thing has occa- 
sionally happened in our kennels, and after try- 
ing practically all the eye washes on the market, 
sometimes without success, I applied to a friend 
of mine in the laboratory of the Massachusetts 
General Hospital and was advised by him to 
wash the dog's eyes two or three times a day 
with a ten per cent, solution of argyrol, which 
has been eminently successful. For slight in- 
flammations a boracic acid wash, that any chem- 
ist will put up, will usually effect a cure. 

The several forms of skin disease which cause 
so much disquiet to young stock, preventing rest 
and hindering growth, are sometimes due to 
faults in feeding which upset the work of the 
assimilative organs, and are to a great extent 
preventable. Not so those that are due to the 
presence of a parasite that burrows under the 
skin and produces that condition of the coat 
commonly known as mange. A dog may go for 
some considerable time unsuspected, but the 
sooner it is discovered and attended to the bet- 
ter, as it is highly contagious. The first thing 
to do is to take an equal amount of powdered 
sulphur and lard, make a paste, and rub it 
thoroughly into the coat of the dog and let it 
stay on for two days. Of course, the dog will 
lick off all he can, but the internal application 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 63 

will be good for him. At the end of the second 
day take the dog and give him a thorough wash 
with good castile soap, and after drying rub 
into his coat thoroughly (care being taken that 
none gets into the eyes or ears) crude petroleum. 
Let this stay on one day, and without washing 
take this time enough benzine and powdered 
sulphur to make a paste and rub in as before. 
It will be found that this has penetrated deeper 
than the lard and sulphur did and has doubtless 
reached the parasites. Repeat this twice, wash- 
ing in between, after which give the dog a good 
dressing of petroleum once a day for a week, 
followed by a week's anointing with the benzine, 
and dollars to doughnuts, the dog's coat will 
come out all right. A good dressing to be ap- 
plied occasionally afterwards, well rubbed into 
the skin, is composed of equal parts of castor, 
olive and kerosene oils, thoroughly mixed. If 
the hair has long been off apply the tincture of 
cantharides, or the sulphate of quinine to the 
bald spots, taking care the dog does not lick 
it with his tongue. These two remedies are 
best used in the form of an ointment, twice a 
day. 

In regard to fleas or lice on the young stock, 
a good wash in not too strong a solution 
of any of the standard tar products is usually 
perfectly effectual. One other disease, and that 



64 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

the most deadly of all, remains to be considered, 
viz., distemper. This is largely contracted at 
the dog shows, or being brought into contact 
with dogs suffering from the disease. I do not 
believe it is ever spontaneous, and dogs kept 
away from infected stock will be exempt. Well 
do I remember my first dose of it. I had loaned 
a friend of mine a young dog raised by him to 
show, as he was trying for a prize for Druid 
Merk as a stud dog. The dog in question, 
Merk Jr., came back from the show rather de- 
pressed, and in a few days I had my entire ken- 
nel down with the disease. It was in the spring 
of the year, cold and damp, and I succeeded in 
saving just one of the young dogs and Merk Jr. 
After a thorough fumigation with a great quan- 
tity of sulphur I managed to get the kennels dis- 
infected, and did not have an outbreak again 
for several years. A bitch sent to be bred where 
a case of distemper existed, unknown to me, of 
course, brought it to my place again, and I 
had the same unfortunate experience over 
again; fortunately this time it was in the early 
fall, and weather conditions being auspicious, 
we lost only about twenty-five per cent, of young 
stock. By extreme vigilance, in knowing the 
conditions of the kennels where bitches were sent 
for service, we succeeded in escaping an at- 
tack for several years, when an old bitch that 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 65 

had had distemper several years previously, 
brought back the germs in her coat from a ken- 
nel where two young dogs, just home from the 
Boston show, were sick with the disease. This 
was in the spring, the weather was wet and cold, 
and a loss of practically fifty per cent, ensued. 

One very interesting and peculiar feature of 
the last attack was, that half the dogs sick were 
given the best medical treatment possible, with a 
loss of one-half ; the other half were not given any 
medicine whatever, and the same proportion 
died. Of course, all had the best of care, nurs- 
ing, and strict attention to diet paid. 

I was very much gratified to observe that in 
these three attacks we have never had a dog 
that had a recurrence of the disease, and what is 
of far greater importance, have never had any 
after ill effect (with one solitary exception, 
when a bitch was left with a slight twitching of 
one leg) in the shape of the number of ailments 
that frequently follow, and in all cases after the 
disease had run its course the dogs seemed in a 
short time as vigorous as ever. This we at- 
tribute solely to the strong, vigorous constitu- 
tions the dogs possessed. A breeder who raises 
many dogs will have a very difficult feat to ac- 
complish if he aspires to enter the show ring 
also. In our case we were convinced at the 
start that these two would not go together. 



6S THE BOSTON TERRIER 

When one considers that dogs returning from 
shows frequently carry the germs in their coats, 
and even the crates become affected, and while 
not suffering from the disease themselves, will 
readily convey it to the occupants of the kennel 
they come in contact with, also that the kennel 
man (unless a separate man has charge of in- 
fected stock exclusively) can readily carry the 
germs on his hands, person and clothing, it will 
instantly be perceived what a risk attends the 
combined breeding and showing. I think it 
pays best in the long run to keep these two 
branches of the business separate. The tempta- 
tion to exhibit will be very strong, but before do- 
ing so, count the cost, especially if much valuable 
young stock is in the kennels. 

In regard to the treatment of this much 
dreaded disease, there are a number of remedies 
on the market, one especially that has lately 
come out, viz., "Moore's Toxin," which claims 
to effect a cure, but having never used it can 
not give a personal endorsement. Whatever 
remedy is tried, remember that good nursing, 
a suitable diet, and strict hygienic measures 
must be given. Feed generously of raw eggs, 
beaten up in milk, in which a few drops of good 
brandy are added, every few hours, and nour- 
ishing broths and gruels may be given for a 
change. If the eyes are affected then the 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 6^ 

boracic acid wash; if the nose is stopped up, 
then a good steaming from the kettle. While 
the dog must have plenty of fresh air, be sure 
to avoid draughts. When the lungs and 
bronchial tubes are affected, then put flannels 
wrung out of hot Arabian balsam around neck 
and chest, and give suitable doses of cod liver 
oil. If the disease is principally seated in the 
intestines, then give once a day a teaspoonful of 
castor oil, and the dog should be fed with arrow 
root gruel, made with plenty of good milk, and a 
very little lean meat (beef, mutton, or chicken), 
once a day. When the dog is on the high road 
to recovery be very careful he does not get cold, 
or pneumonia is almost certain to ensue. Do not 
forget a thorough fumigation of the kennels, and 
all utensils, with sulphur. 



CHAPTER VI. 



BREEDING FOR SIZE. 



When I joined the Boston Terrier Club in 
1895, there were two classes for weight — ithe 
light weight, from 15 to 23 pounds, and the 
heavy weight, from 23 to 30 pounds, inclusive. 
This, of course, has been changed since to three 
classes — the light weight, 12 and not to exceed 
17 pounds; middle weight class, 17 and not to 
exceed 22 pounds, and heavy weight, 22 and not 
to exceed 28 pounds and a class, for Toys, 
weighing under twelve pounds, has been 
added. The Boston terrier dog was never 
inter.ded, in the writer's estimation, to be 
a dog to be carried in one's pocket, but such 
an one as the standard calls for, and which 
the oldest breeders have persistently and con- 
sistently bred. To my mind the ideal dog is one 
weighing from 15 pounds for my lady's parlor, 
to 20 or 25 pounds for the dog intended as a 
man's companion, suitable to tackle any kind of 
vennin, and to be an ideal watch dog in the 
house should any knights of the dark lantern 
make their nocturnal calls. 




'POP" BENSON WITH BUNNY II 




SIR BARNEY BLUE 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 69 

During the past few years we have had (in 
common, I suppose, with all large breeders), a 
great many orders for first class dogs, typical 
in every respect, weighing from 30 to 40 pounds. 
The constant tendency among men of wealth 
today is to move from the city onto country es- 
tates, where they stay the greater part of the 
year, and in many cases all the time. They are 
looking for first class watch dogs that can be 
kept in the house or stable, that are thoroughly 
reliable, that do not bring too much mud in on 
their coats, that do not cover the furniture with 
long hairs, that are vigorous enough to follow 
on a horseback ride, and which will not wander 
from home. I was in the company of a party 
of gentlemen the other day who had bought a 
number of estates in a town twenty miles from 
Boston, and the subject of a suitable breed of 
dogs for their residences was under discussion. 
All the fashionable breeds were gone over, some 
were objected to because they barked too much, 
others because of their propensity to rush out at 
teams ; some that their coats were too long and 
they brought a great deal of mud, etc., in, and 
still others that their fighting disposition was 
too pronounced, but they all agreed that a good- 
sized, vigorous, good natured Boston terrier just 
about filled the bill. Said the nephew of Senator 
Henry Cabot Lodge to me last week : "Edward, 



70 THE'BOSTON TERRIER 

I want a Boston big enough to take care of him- 
self if anything happens, and of me also, if 
necessary, weighing about 35 pounds." A Bos- 
ton banker, who has a large place in the country, 
would not take two dogs weighing under 35 
pounds. Last week I received a letter from a 
Mr. W. B. Bogert, of the firm of Bogert, Malt- 
by & Co., commission grain merchants, Chicago, 
ordering a "very heavy weight dog of kindly 
disposition and good blood. I can get out here 
any number of light weight dogs, but I do not 
like them. Kindly send me what you think will 
suit me." These are only a few sample cases, 
and I can say that my orders today call for more 
first class heavy weight dogs than for any other 
size. This is, of course, a comparatively new 
feature, but all up to date breeders will see the 
necessity of being able to fill this class of orders. 
The small sized toys will always be in demand, 
as they make ideal little pets, suitable eminently 
for a city flat or an apartment house, to be car- 
ried by the lady in her carriage, or to accompany 
her in her walks, and they make first rate play- 
mates for children. This class is by far the 
hardest to breed. For best results mate a bitch 
weighing about fifteen pounds, that comes from 
a numerous litter, to a twelve-pound dog that 
comes from small ancestry. Some of the pups 
are bound to be small. One important feature 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 71 

in the production of small pups is this : Bitches 
that whelp in the fall, the smallest pups are 
raised from, especially if the pups are fed a 
somewhat restricted diet, whereas puppies that 
are raised in the spring, that are generously fed, 
and have vigorous exercise in the sunshine, at- 
tain a far greater size. A great many breeders 
underfeed their young stock to stop growth, 
which I believe to be a very grave mistake. 
There is no question whatever it accomplishes 
the result wished, but at the expense of stamina 
and a fine, generous disposition. The pups from 
stock advanced in years, or from bitches ex- 
cessively fat are very apt to run small, as are 
also the offspring of inbred parents. One very 
important fact in regard to breeding for large 
sized dogs to be considered is this: While a 
great many breeders always select for the pro- 
duction of large pups large bitches and dogs, 
yet experience has proven that the majority of 
big ones have been the offspring of medium 
sized dams that were bred to strong, heavy- 
boned dogs of substance. I bred a bitch weigh- 
ing twenty pounds to a large bull terrier that 
weighed forty-five pounds for an experiment, 
and the pups, five in number, Vv^eighed at maturity 
from thirty-five to forty pounds, with noses and 
tails nearly as long as their sire's, and his color, 
but were very nice in their disposition, and were 



72 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

given away for stable dogs. Progressive up-to- 
date kennel men v^^ill see that they have on hand 
not only the three classes called for by the stand- 
ard, but the fourth class, so to speak, that I have 
mentioned above, those weighing anywhere from 
thirty to forty pounds. Quite a number of 
breeders in the past have put in the kennel pail 
at birth extra large pups that they thought would 
mature too large to sell, but they need do so no 
longer. This precaution must always be taken 
where there are one or more of these large size 
puppies, viz., to look out that they do not get 
more than their proportionate share of the milk, 
or later the food, as they are very apt to crowd 
out the others. 

Remember that the Boston terrier of what- 
ever size will always hold his own as a com- 
panion, a dog that can be talked to and caressed, 
for between the dog and his owner will always 
be found a bond of affection and sympathetic 
understanding. 



CHAPTER VII. 



BREEDING FOR GOOD DISPOSITION. 



This, to my mind, is the most important fea- 
ture in the breeding of the dog that demands 
the most careful attention. If the disposition of 
the dog is not all that can be desired, of what 
avail is superb constitution, an ideal conforma- 
tion and beautiful color and markings? Better 
by far obtain the most pronounced mongrel that 
roams the street that shows a loving, generous 
nature if he cost his weight in gold, than take 
as a gift the most royally bred Boston that could 
not be depended upon at all times and under all 
circumstances to manifest a perfect disposition. 

A short time ago I went to visit a noted pack 
of English fox hounds. One beautiful dog 
especially, took my eye, a strong, vigorous, noble- 
looking fellow, and on my asking the kennel 
man, a quaint old Scotchman, if he would let 
the dog out for me to see, he replied: "Why, 
certainly, Mr. Axtell, that dog is Dashwood, he 
is a perfect gentleman," and this is what all 
Boston terriers should be. Of course, I am 
speaking of the well bred, properly trained, blue 



74 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

blooded dog, not the mongrel that so often 
masquerades under his name. Still, as there are 
black sheep in every family, a dog showing an 
ugly, snapping, quarrelsome disposition will occa- 
sionally be met with which, to the shame of the 
owner, is not mercifully put out of the way and 
buried so deep that he can not be scratched up, 
but is allowed to perpetuate his or her own kind 
to the everlasting detriment of the breed. 

How many a one has come away from a dog 
show utterly disgusted with perhaps one of the 
best looking dogs on the bench, who, after ad- 
miring its attractiveness in every detail, discovers 
on too near an approach to him that he possesses 
a snappy, vicious disposition? 

I am perfectly well aware that due allowance 
must be made for the unnatural excitement that 
surrounds a dog, perhaps for the first time 
shown, away from all he knows, and surrounded 
by strange noises and faces. Yet I consider it 
an outrage on the public who give their time 
and pay their money, to subject them to any risk 
of being bitten by any dog, I care not of what 
breed it may be. At a recent show in Boston, in 
company with three or four gentlemen, I was 
admiring a very handsome looking Boston, a 
candidate for high honors, when his owner 
called out to me: "Mr. Axtell, do not go too 
near him or he will bite your fingers off. I 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 75 

replied : "You need not advise an old dog man 
like me; I can tell by the look of his eye what 
he would do if given a chance. You have no 
right whatever to show such a dog." Since then 
I went to the kennels where a noted prize win- 
ner is placed at public stud, and he showed such 
a vicious disposition and attempt to bite 
through the bars of his pen that the attendant 
had to cover the bars over with a blanket. Such 
dogs as these should be given at once a sufficient 
amount of chloroform and a suitable burial 
without mourners. If a man must keep such a 
brute, then a strong chain and a secure place 
where his owner alone can visit him is abso- 
lutely imperative. 

Boston terriers, of all breeds, must possess 
perfect dispositions if they are to maintain their 
present popularity ; and yet, how many unscru- 
pulous breeders and dealers are palming off 
upon a confiding public dogs which, instead of 
being "put away" (I think that is the general 
term they use) should be put under so much 
solid mother earth that no one would suspect 
their interment. I know it takes considerable 
grit and force of character to cheerfully put to 
sleep a dog for which perhaps a large sum of 
money has been paid, that has developed an un- 
certain, snappy disposition, yet it pays so to do ; 
honesty is not alone the best policy, but the only 



76 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

one. In my experience as a dog man I could 
give many personal incidents concerning the 
sale of vicious dogs, but for space sake one must 
suffice. 

Last year a Chicago banker sent me an order 
for a dog similar in style and disposition to the 
one I had sold him a few years previously, to 
.go to his neice, a young lady staying for treat- 
ment at a large sanatorium in southern Massa- 
chusetts. I replied that I had not in my kennels 
&. large enough dog to suit, but that I knew a 
dealer who possessed a fairly good reputation 
who had, and would get him for him if he 
would run the chances. This was satisfactory, 
and I bought the dog. He was guaranteed to 
me as all right in every way, but I felt some- 
what suspicious, as the price was very low for a 
dog of his style. I kept him with me for a 
week and saw no outs whatever about him, and 
practically concluded my suspicions were un- 
founded. 

Upon taking the dog personally to the young 
lady in question, I told her his history as far 
as I knew it, and also that while I could give her 
the dealer's guarantee of the dog I could not 
of course, endorse it, but that if she cared to run 
the risk she could have the dog on approval as 
long as she wished. I said in warning that there 
was something about his eye that did not alto- 



THE BOSTON TERRIER -77 

gether strike my fancy, and that if he showed 
the least symptom of being anything but affec- 
tionate, to ship him to my kennels in Cliftondale 
immediately. As he was a handsome dog, with 
beautiful color, I could see she wanted him at 
once, and the dog seemed to take to her in an 
even greater degree. I received a letter from her 
in a week's time, saying how perfectly satisfac- 
tory the dog was in every way, and what a 
general favorite he had become with the lady 
patients there, several of whom would like me to 
get one like him for them. I need not say how 
pleased I was to hear this, but what was my 
surprise to receive a letter the next day asking 
me to send at once for tlie dog, as he had bitten 
the matron. You may depend that neither she 
nor any other of the inmates there would ever 
want to see a Boston again, and who would 
want them to? Of course I lost my money, but 
that is not worth mentioning. The sorrow I felt 
stays by me today. I sent for the dog and kept 
him at my kennels for five months, taking care 
of him myself and never letting him out of my 
sight, during which time he was as gentle as a 
kitten, until one day a young dog man came 
down into the yard, and the dog, for some un- 
accountable reason, as in the case of the matron, 
jumped on him and took hold of his sleeve. The 
man, being accustomed to dogs, was fortunately 



78 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

not scared. This explained the low price of 
the dog, and it is needless to add, he ornamented 
my kennels no longer. I can only state in con- 
nection with this that that dealer has sold very 
few dogs since. I never purchase a dog now, 
unless I know the man from whom I buy. 

How to breed dogs possessing an ideal dispo- 
sition is the all-important question, and I give 
the rules as followed in our kennels with com- 
plete success. Breed only from stock that you 
know comes from an ancestry noted for this 
particular feature. Many dogs are naturally of 
an affectionate nature, but have been made 
snappish by ill treatemnt, or teasing. This can 
be bred out by judicious care, but where a 
vicious tendency is hereditary, look out for trouble 
ahead. Damages for dog bites come high, and 
he must be either a very rich man, or a very poor 
one, that can afford to keep this kind of stock. 

Use only thoroughly healthy stock ; disease 
is often productive of an uneven, sullen dispo- 
sition. See that the bitch especially never 
shows a tendency to be cross or snappy. The 
male dog usually controls the shape, color and 
markings, and the dam the constitution and dis- 
position. Hence it is, if anything, of more 
importance that the female should be strong in 
this feature than the male, although the male, of 
course, should be first class also. So well known 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 79 

is this physiological fact that breeders of stand- 
ard bred horses, particularly hunters and carriage 
horses, will never breed a vicious mare to a 
quiet stallion, and yet they are generally willing 
to risk breeding a quiet mare to a stallion not 
as good in this respect. 

The education of the puppies should begin as 
soon as they can run around. Very much de- 
pends upon a right start. We are admonished 
to "train up a child in the way he should go," 
and this applies with equal force to the dog. 
Treat them with the utmost kindness, but with 
a firm hand. Be sure they are taught to mind 
when spoken to, and never fail to correct at 
once when necessary. A stitch in time saves 
many times nine. A habit once formed is hard 
to break. Never be harsh with them ; never 
whip; remember that judicious kindness with 
firmness is far more effective with dogs, as with 
children. Be sure to accustom them to mingle 
with people and children, and introduce them as 
early as possible to the sights of the street, to 
go on ahead, and to come at your call. Prevent 
the pernicious habit of running and barking at 
teams, etc., and other dogs. The time to check 
these habits as aforesaid is before they become 
fixed. If, after all these pains, you see a dog 
show the slightest disposition to be vicious, then 
do not hesitate to send him at once by a humane 



8o THE BOSTON TERRIER 

transit to dog heaven, Ey thus continuously 
breeding a strain of dogs with an affectionate 
nature and the ehmination of any that show the 
least deviation from the same, in a short time 
kennels can be estabHshed whose dogs will not 
only be a source of supreme satisfaction to the 
owner, but will be the best advertisers of said 
kennels wherever they go. 

It will readily be admitted by all wlio have 
given the matter any consideration that a 
dog of an affectionate nature, whose fidelity has 
always been constant, and whose devotion to its 
owner has always under all circumstances been 
perfectly sincere and lasting, makes an appeal 
to something that is inherent in human nature. 
The fact of the case is that the love of such a 
dog is imbedded in the soul of every normal 
man and Vv^oman who have red blood in their 
veins. I think it is instinctive, and has its 
foundation in the fact that from the beginning of 
time he has ministered to man's necessities, and 
has accompanied him as his best friend on man's 
upward march to civilization and enlightenment. 
"There may be races of people who have never 
known the dog, but I very much question if, 
after they have made his acquaintance, they fail 
to appreciate his desirable qualities, and to con- 
ceive for him both esteem and affection." 



CHAPTER VIII. 



BREEDING FOR A VIGOROUS CONSTI- 
TUTION. 



I think there never was a time in the history 
of the breed when this particular feature needed 
more thoughtful, systematic and scientific at- 
tention devoted to it than now. For the past 
few years breeders have been straining every 
nerve, and leaving no stone unturned, to pro- 
duce small stock, toys, in fact, and everyone 
realizes, who has given the question thoughtful 
consideration, that this line of breeding has 
been at the expense of the vigor, and indirectly 
largely of a beautiful disposition, of the dog, to 
say nothing of the financial loss that must 
inevitably ensue. 

Said an old Boston terrier man (Mr. Barnard) 
at a recent show : "Mr. Axtell, if they keep on 
breeding at this rate, it won't be long before 
they produce a race of black and tans." 

In my estimation it will not be black and tan 
terriers, but nothing. It will be productive of 
a line of bitches that are either barren, or so 
small that they can not possibly whelp without 



§2 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

the aid of a "Vet." One does not have to look 
very far to discover numbers of men who started 
in the breeding of the American dog with high 
hopes and enthusiastic endeavors to success, who 
have fallen by the wayside, owing largely to the 
fact that proper attention was not paid to the 
selection of suitable breeding stock, especially 
the matrons. Said a man to me last year: 
"Much as I love the dog, and crazy as I am to 
raise some good pups, I have given up for all 
time trying to breed Boston terriers, I have 
lost eight bitches in succession whelping." We 
have all of us "been there" and quite a number 
of us "many a time." 

In order to obtain strong, vigorous puppies 
that will live and develop into dogs that will be 
noted for vigorous constitutions, we shall simply, 
and in language that can be readily understood 
by the novice as well as the established breeder, 
lay down the rules that a quarter of a century 
has demonstrated to be the correct ones for the 
attainment of the same as used in our kennels. 
As all puppies that leave our place are sold 
with the guarantee of reaching maturity (unless 
shown, when we take no risks whatever in re- 
gard to distemper, mange, etc.), it will readily 
be seen that they must have a first class start, 
and must of necessity be the progeny of stock 
possessing first class vigor and the quality of 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 83 

being able to transmit the same to their off- 
spring. An ounce of experience is worth many 
tons of theory, and it is, then, with pleasure we 
give the system pursued by us, feeling certain 
that the same measure of success will attend 
others that will take the necessary pains to 
attain the same, and they will be spared the 
many pitfalls and mistakes that have necessarily 
been ours before we acquired our present knowl- 
edge. It has been for a number of years (start- 
ing as we did when the breed was in its infancv, 
and only the intense love of the dog, coupled 
with an extensive leisure, which enabled us to 
devote a great deal of attention to important and 
scientific experiments, have enabled us to arrive 
where we are), an uphill road, the breeding 
problems have had to be solved at the outlay 
of brains, patience and considerable money. 
Unlike any established breed, there was prac- 
tically no data to fall back on, no books of 
instruction to follow, but if the pioneer work 
has been arduous the results obtained have far 
outbalanced it, and the dog today stands as a 
monument to all the faithful, conscientious and 
determined body of men who would never 
acknowledge defeat, but who, in spite of all dis- 
couragements from all quarters, and from many 
where it should have been least expected, have 
pressed forward until they find the object of 



84 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

their unfailing endeavors the supreme favorite 
in dogdom the continent over. 

In the first place, in the attainment of vigorous 
puppies, we state the bitches selected are of 
primary importance, in our view, as already 
stated, far more so than the sire. For best re- 
sults we choose a bitch weighing from fifteen 
to twenty-five pounds. If they happen to weigh 
over this we do not consider it any detriment 
whatever, rather otherwise. Always select said 
matrons from litters that have been large, bred 
from strong, vigorous stock, thoroughly ma- 
tured, and that have been bred by reliable (we 
speak advisedly) men for several generations if 
possible. If one can. obtain from kennels that 
while perfectly comfortable, have not been sup- 
plied with artificial heat. There is more in this 
than appears on the surface. Dogs that have 
been coddled and brought up around a stove 
rarely have stamina and vitality enough to 
enable them to live the number of years they are 
entitled to, and fall a ready victim to the first 
serious trouble, whether distemper, or the many 
and one ills that beset their path. Intelligent 
breeders of all kinds of stock today recognize 
the value of fresh air and unlimited sunshine, 
and if best results are to be obtained these two 
things are imperative. 

I was very much interested in the prize herd 




CHAMPION TODD BOY 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 85 

of Hereford cattle owned by Mr. Joseph Row- 
lands, near Worcester, England, and conceded 
by experts to be the best in that country, and to 
learn that for a number of years the herd (over 
one hundred in number) have been kept in the 
open, the cows being placed in the barn for a 
few days at calving, and that the prize winning 
bull that heads the herd, "Tumbler," is sixteen 
years old, and still used, and it is stated by Mr. 
Rowlands is producing as good stock today as 
ever. The significant fact about this herd is, 
they are and have been perfectly free from tuber- 
culosis. Another herd of Jerseys (although not 
prize winners) are kept near there, under pre- 
cisely the same conditions with similar results. 
A breeder of prize winning Belgian hares has 
kept these for a number of years without arti- 
ficial heat, with the best of results with freedom 
from disease, and the attainment of strong, 
robust constitutions. When puppies are four 
months old (in the winter time) they should be 
placed in well built kennels, without artificial 
heat. (Of course, this does not apply to a colder 
latitude than Massachusetts.) 

The reason for choosing bitches that come 
from dams noted for their large litters is this: 
the chances are (if the dog bred to comes from 
a similar litter) that they will inherit the pro- 
pensity to give birth to large litters themselves, 



86 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

and the pups will necessarily be smaller than 
when only one or two pups are born. The bitch 
that has but that number runs an awful risk, 
especially if she has been well fed. The pups 
will be large and the dam has great difficulty in 
whelping. 

If toy bitches are bred, look out for breakers 
ahead ; only a very small per cent, live to play 
with their little ones. A toy bitch, bred to a toy 
dog, will frequently have but one pup, and that 
quite a large one in proportion to the size of 
parents. When a toy bitch is bred, attend care- 
fully to these three things. See that the dog 
used is small in himself, comes from small stock, 
and does not possess too large a head. Sec- 
ondly, be sure the bitch is kept in rather poor 
condition, in other words, not too fat ; and 
thirdly, and this is the most important of all, 
see that she has all the natural exercise she can 
be induced to take. These conditions strictly 
and faithfully adhered to may result in success. 

In the next place, the consideration of the 
dog to be used is in order. Whether he be a 
first prize winner or an equally good dog that 
has never been shown (and the proportion of 
the best raised dogs that appear on the bench is 
very small) insist on the following rules: 

Be sure that the dog is typical with first class 
constitution, vigorous, and possessing an ideal 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 87 

disposition, and what is of the utmost import- 
ance, that he comes from a line of ancestry 
eminently noted for these characteristics. Breed 
to no other, though he were a winner of a thou- 
sand first prizes. I prefer a symmetrical dog 
weighing from sixteen to twenty pounds, rather 
finer in his make-up than the bitch, and posses- 
sing the indefinable quality of style, and 
evidences in his make-up courage and a fine, 
open, generous temperament. Do not breed to 
a dog that is overworked in the stud, kept on a 
board floor chained up in a kennel or barn, and 
never given a chance to properly exercise. If 
you do the chances are that one of three things 
will happen : the bitch will not be in whelp (the 
most likely result) the pups, or some of them 
will be born dead, and one runs an awful risk 
most likely result) the pups, or some of them 
of the bitch dying, or, if alive at birth, a very 
small per cent, only of the pups will live to reach 
maturity. I think Boston terriers are particu- 
larly susceptible to worms or distemper, and it 
is absolutely imperative that they should not be 
handicapped at the onset. 

One other very important factor is natural 
exercise for the bitch. Unless one is willing to 
take the necessary pains to give her this, give 
up all expectation of ever succeeding in raising 
puppies. 



88 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

Someone asked a noted critic whom he con- 
sidered the best singer he had ever heard, and 
he answered, "Patti." In being asked who came 
next, he replied, "Patti ;" and on being questioned 
who was his third' choice, gave the same answer. 
Were I asked the three most important essen- 
tials for the success of the brood bitch, I should 
say, "Exercise, exercise, exercise." By this I 
do not mean leading with a chain, running be- 
hind a horse or team, but the natural exercise 
a bitch will take if left to her own devices. 
Nature has provided an infallible monitor to 
direct the dog the best amount to take, and when 
to take it. One of the best bitches I ever pos- 
sessed was one weighing fourteen pounds by 
the original Tony Boy (one of the best little 
dogs that ever lived) out of a bitch by Torrey's 
Ned, by A. Goode's Ned. Her name was Lottie, 
and she had thirteen litters and raised over 
ninety per cent. Those who have read that in- 
teresting little book on the "Boston Terrier," by 
the late Dr. Mott, will readily recall the genial 
Doctor speaking of the first Boston he ever 
owned, named "Muggy Dee," and how intel- 
ligent he was, and what a number of tricks the 
Doctor taught him, will be interested to know 
that Lottie was his great-grandmother, and she 
was equally intelligent. We had several bitches 
by the celebrated Mr. Mullen's "Boxer" out of 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 89 

her, (this is going back to ancient history), one 
of which, "Brownie," was, to my fancy, the 
nicest clog we ever had. She, with the rest of 
the htter, had the run of several hundred acres, 
and many times I did not see them for days 
together. They went in and out of the hayloft 
at pleasure, and spent the greater part of their 
time hunting and digging out skunks and wood- 
chucks which were quite thick in the woods back 
of us at that time. I remember the first time 
Brownie was bred to that king of sires, "Buster," 
owned by Alex. Goode (than whom a more 
loyal Boston terrier man never lived), and I 
was rather anxious to see the litter when it 
arrived, as from the mating I expected cracker- 
jacks. I had not seen her or her mother for 
two or three days, but the time for whelping 
having arrived, was keeping a close watch on 
the stable. About dusk she came in with Lottie, 
and in a short time gave birth to four of the 
most vigorous, perfectly formed little tots I had 
ever seen. Each one proved to be good enough 
to show, although only one was sold to an ex- 
hibitor, Mr. G. Rawson, the rest going into 
private hands. "Druid Pero" was shown in 
New York in 1898, taking first prize and silver 
cup for best in his class, but I think his brother, 
"Caddie," beat him, his owner, a Boston banker, 



cjo THE BOSTO: TERRIER 

being offered a number of times ten times the 
sum he paid for him. 

The day after Brownie whelped she and her 
mother went off for an hour or so, and they fin- 
ished digging out Mr. Skunk (which the atten- 
tion to her maternal duties necessitated a post- 
ponement of), the old dog dragging him home 
in triumph. I attribute the success these dogs, 
in common with the rest of the bitches in the 
kennels who had similar advantages, had in 
whelping and the rearing of their young to the 
fact that they always had unlimited natural ex- 
ercise. I can enumerate scores of cases similar 
to these attended with equally good results, if 
space permitted. 

In regard to mating, one service, if properly 
performed, is usually enough, if the bitch is 
ready to take the dog. If a bitch should fail to 
be in whelp I should advise the next time she 
comes in season two or even three visits to the 
dog, and where convenient I should suggest a 
different dog this time. In case this time these 
services were unsuccessful, then I should sug- 
gest the course that breeders of thoroughbred 
horses pursue, viz., to let the female run with the 
male for three or four days together. There are 
many things connected with breeding that we 
do not understand, and frequently going back to 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 91 

nature, as in this case, is productive of results 
when all else fails. 

One very important factor in the production 
of strong, rugged pups that live, is good feeding. 
Do not imagine that feeding dog biscuits to the 
bitch in whelp will give good results, it will not ; 
she needs meat and vegetables once a day. Bis- 
cuits are all right as a supplementary food, but 
that is all. Meat is the natural food for a dog, 
and it is a wise kennel man that can improve on 
nature. Be sure the meat is free from taint, 
especially at this time and when the bitch is 
nursing pups. The gastric juice of a dog's 
stomach is a great germicide, but there is a 
limit. 

Be certain the dogs have a plentiful supply of 
good, pure water. This is of far more import- 
ance than many people imagine. 

Do not administer drugs of any description 
to your dogs, except in the case of a good 
vermifuge, if they are harboring worms, and a 
proper dose of castor oil if constipated. If the 
dog at any time is sick, consult a good veterin- 
ary accustomed to dogs, not one who has prac- 
ticed entirely on horses or cows. If a bitch, at 
the time of whelping, is much distressed and 
can not proceed, get a veterinary and get him 
quick. When the pups arrive, if all is well and 
they are able to nurse, let them severely alone. 



92 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

If they are very weak they will have to be 
assisted to suckle — do not delay attention in this 
case. Be sure the box the bitch whelped in is 
large enough for her to turn around in, and do 
not use any material in the nest that the pups 
can get entangled with. My advice to breeders 
is, if the bitch is fully formed and grown to her 
full proportions, to breed the first time she comes 
in season. She will have an easier time whelp- 
ing than when she is older. If delicate or im- 
mature, delay breeding till the next time. Do 
not use a dog in the stud until he is a year and 
a half old for best results ; they will, of course, 
sire pups at a year or younger, but better wait. 
To those people who live in the city, or where 
a kennel can not be established for want of ade- 
quate room to give the dogs the necessary exer- 
cise, an excellent plan to follow is one adopted 
by an acquaintance of mine, and followed by 
him for a number of years with a good measure 
of success. He owns one or two good stud 
dogs that he keeps at his home, and he has put 
out on different farms, within a radius of ten 
miles of Boston, one bitch at each place, and 
pays the farmer (who is only too glad to have 
this source of income at the outlay of so little 
trouble and expense) one hundred dollars for 
each litter of pups the bitch has, the farmer to 
deliver the pups when required, usually when 




CHAMPION WILLOWBROOK GLORY 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 93 

three months old. The farmer brings in the 
bitch to be bred, and the owner has no further 
trouble. The pups, when delivered, are usually 
in the pink of condition and are, in a great 
measure, house broken, and their manners to a 
certain extent cultivated. He has no trouble 
whatever with pups when ordered, as he simply 
sends the address of customers and the farmer 
ships them. This, to me, is a very uninteresting 
and somewhat mercenary way of doing business, 
as one misses all the charm of breeding and the 
bringing up of the little tots, to many of us the 
most delightful part of the business. To those 
breeders who have newly started in, do not get 
discouraged if success does not immediately 
crown your efforts ; remember, if Boston terriers 
could be raised as easily as other dogs, the prices 
would immediately drop to the others' level. 



CHAPTER IX. 



BREEDING FOR COLOR AND 
MARKINGS. 



Every one who has a Boston terrier for sale 
knows that a handsome seal or mahogany brin- 
dle with correct markings, with plenty of luster 
in the coat, provided all other things are equal, 
sells more readily at a far higher price than 
any other. When one considers the number of 
points given in the standard for this particular 
feature, and the very important factor it occu- 
pies in the sale of the dog, too much attention 
cannot be given by breeders for the attainment 
of this desideratum. I am, of course, thoroughly 
in sympathy with the absolute justice that should 
always prevail in the show ring in the considera- 
tion of the place color and markings occupy in 
scoring a candidate for awards. Twelve points 
are allowed in the standard for these, and any 
dog, I care not whether it be "black, white, gray, 
or grizzled," that scored thirteen points over the 
most perfectly marked dog, should be awarded 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 95 

the prize. But be it ever remembered that the 
show ring and the selling of a dog are two sepa- 
rate and distinct propositions. In the writer's 
opinion and experience a wide gulf opens up 
between a perfect white or black dog comporting 
absolutely to the standard, and one of desirable 
color and markings that is off a number of 
points. I have always found a white, black, 
mouse, or liver colored dog, I care not how good 
in every other respect, almost impossible to get 
rid of at any decent price. People simply would 
not take them. Perhaps my experience has run 
counter to others. I trust it may have done so, 
but candor compels me to make this statement. 
I find that this condition of things is some- 
what misleading, especially to beginners in the 
breed. They have seen the awards made in the 
shows (with absolute justice, as already stated), 
and have naturally inferred that in consequence 
of this, breeding for desirable colors was not of 
paramount importance after all. Only a month 
or two ago an article appeared in a charming 
little dog magazine, written evidently by an 
amateur, on this question of color and markings. 
He had visited the Boston Terrier Club show 
last November, and speaking of seal brindles, 
said: "If this color is so very desirable it seems 
strange that so few were seen, and that so many 
of the leading terriers were black and white, 



96 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

and some white entirely," then follows his 
deduction, viz., "the tendency evidently is 
that color is immaterial with the best judges, so 
that a breeder is foolish to waste his time on 
side issues which are not material." I can only 
state in passing- that if he had a number of dogs 
on hand that were of the colors he specifies, 
"black and white, and some white entirely," it 
would doubtless "seem strange" to him why they 
persisted in remaining on his hands as if he had 
given each one an extra bath in Le Page's 
liquid glue. Pitfalls beset the path of the be- 
ginner and this book is written largely to avoid 
them. When one reads or hears the statement 
made that color and markings are of secondary 
consideration or even less, take warning. The 
reader's pardon will now have to be craved for 
the apparent egotism evidenced by the writer in 
speaking of himself in a way that only indi- 
rectly concerns canine matters, but which has a 
bearing on this very important question of color, 
and partially, at least, explains why this partic- 
ular feature of the breeding of the Boston terrier 
has appealed to him so prominently. My father 
was a wholesale merchant in straw gootls, and 
had extensive dye works and bleacheries where 
the straw, silk and cotton braids were colored. 
As a youngster I used to take great delight in 
watching the dyers and bleachers preparing their 



THE DOSTON TERRIER' 97 

different colors and shades, etc., and was anxious 
to see the results obtained by the different chem- 
ical combinations. When a young man, while 
studying animal physiology under the direction 
of the eminent scientist, Professor Huxley, 
whose diploma I value most highly, I made a 
number of extended scientific experiments in 
color breeding in poultry and rabbits, so that 
when I took up breeding Boston terriers later in 
life this feature particularly attracted me. I was 
"predisposed," as a physician says of a case 
where the infection is certain, hence I offer no 
apology whatever for the assertion that this 
chapter is scientifically correct in the rules laid 
down for the breeding to attain desirable shades 
and markings. 

When we first commenced breeding Bostons 
in 1S85, the prevailing shades were a rather light 
golden brindle (often a yellow), and mahogany 
brindles, and quite a considerable number had a 
great deal of white. Then three shades were de- 
barred, viz., black, mouse and liver, and although 
years after the Boston Terrier Club removed this 
embargo, they still remain very undesirable 
colors. 

The rich m.ahogany brindle next became the 
fashionable color (and personally I consider it 
the most beautiful shade), and Mr. A. Goode 
with Champion "Monte" and Mr. Rawson with 



<lr«i-j" 



98 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

the beautiful pair, "Druid Merke" and "Vixen," 
set the pace and every one followed. A few 
years later Messrs. Phelps and Davis (who, with 
the above mentioned gentlemen, were true friends 
of the breed), sold a handsome pair of seal brin- 
dles, Chs. "Commissioner II." and "Topsy," to 
Mr. Borden of New York, and confirmed, if 
not established, the fashion for that color in that 
city. I think that all people will agree, from all 
parts of the country, that New York sets the 
style for practically everything, from my lady's 
headgear to the pattern of her equipages, and 
the edict from that city has decreed that the 
correct color in Boston terriers is a rich seal 
brindle, with white markings, with plenty of 
luster to it, and all sections of the continent 
promptly say amen! 

I have taken the pains to look up a number of 
orders that we have recently received, which in- 
clude (not enumerating those received from the 
New England States, or New York), three from 
Portland, Oregon, one from California, one from 
St. Louis, one from Mexico, four from Canada, 
two from Chicago, and one from Texas, and 
with the exception of two who wished to replace 
dogs bought of us ten or twelve years previously, 
they practically all wanted seal brindles. 

These orders were nearly all from bankers and 
brokers, men who are supposed to be en rapport 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 99 

with the dictates of fashion. It goes without 
saying that what a pubHc taste demands, every 
effort will be made to attain the same, and breed- 
ers will strive their utmost to produce this shade. 
Many who do not understand scientific matings 
to obtain these desirable colors have fallen into 
a very natural mistake in so doing. In regard to 
the mahogany brindles they say, why not breed 
continuously together rich mahogany sires and 
dams, and then we shall always have the brindles 
we desire. "Like produces like" is a truism 
often quoted, but there are exceptions, and Bos- 
ton terrier breeding furnishes an important one. 
A very few years of breeding this way will give 
a brown, solid color, without a particle of brindle, 
or even worse, a buckskin. If the foundation 
stock is a lighter brindle to start, the result will 
be a mouse color. The proper course to pursue 
is to take a golden brindle bitch that comes from 
a family noted for that shade, and mate her with 
a dark mahogany brindle dog that comes from an 
ancestry possessed of that color. The bitch from 
this mating can be bred to dark mahogany brin- 
dles, and the females from this last mating bred 
again to dark mahogany males, but now a change 
is necessary. The maxim, "twice in and once 
out," applies here. The last bred bitches should 
be bred this time to a golden brindle dog, and 
same process repeated, that is, the bitches from 



100 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

this last union and their daughters can be bred 
to dark mahogany brindle dogs, when the golden 
brindle sire comes in play again. This can be 
repeated indefinitely. A rule in color breeding 
to be observed is this : that the male largely in- 
fluences the color of the pups. If darker colors 
are desired, use a darker male than the female. 
If lighter shades are desired, use a lighter col- 
ored male. 

If a tiger brindle is wanted, take a gray brin- 
dle bitch and mate to a dark mahogany dog. 
Steel and gray brindles are in so little demand 
and are so easy to produce that we shall not 
notice them. 

In regard to seal brindles. A great many 
breeders who do not understand proper breed- 
ing to obtain them have fallen into the same pit 
as the others. In their desire to obtain the dark 
seal brindles they have mated very dark dogs to 
equally dark bitches, which has resulted in a few 
generations in producing dogs absolutely black 
in color, with coats that look as if they had been 
steeped in a pail of ink. A visit to any of the 
leading shows of late will reveal the fact that 
quite a number of candidates for bench honors 
are not real brindle, except possibly on the 
under side of the body, or perchance a slight 
shading on the legs. A considerable number are 
perfectly black, and are called by courtesy black 
brindles. As well call the ace of spades by the 




EDWARD BURNETT 
A Prominent Early Breeder 



THE BOSTON TERRIER loi 

same name. A serious feature in connection 
with this is, that the longer this Hne of breeding 
is persisted in, the harder will be the task to 
breed away. In fact, in my estimation it will 
be as difficult as the elimination of white. One 
important fact in connection here is that black 
color is more pronounced from white stock than 
from brindle. I recently went into the kennels 
of a man who has started a comparatively short 
time ago, and who has been most energetic in 
his endeavors to produce a line of dark seal 
brindles, and who is much perplexed because he 
has a lot of stock on hand, while first rate in 
every other respect, are with coats as black as 
crows and not worth ten dollars apiece. He 
seemed very much surprised when I told him 
his mistake, but grateful to be shown a way out 
of his difficulty. A visit to another kennel not 
far from the last revealed the fact that the owner 
was advertising and sending largely to the West 
what he called black brindles, but as devoid of 
brindle as a frog is of feathers. His case was 
rather amusing, as he honestly believed that be- 
cause the dog was a Boston terrier its color of 
necessity must be a brindle. He reminded me 
a good deal of a man who started a dog store 
in Boston a number of years ago who advertised 
in his windows a Boston terrier for sale cheap. 
Upon stepping in to see the dog all that pre- 



102 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

sented itself to view was a dog, a cross between 
a fox and bull terrier. When the man was told 
of this, he made this amusing reply: "The dog 
was born in Boston, and he is a terrier. Why 
is he not a Boston terrier?" Upon telling him 
that according to his reasoning if the dog had 
been born in New York city he would be a New 
York terrier he smiled. Fortunately I had 
"Druid Pero" with me and said : "Here is a dog 
bred in my kennels at Cliftondale, Mass., that 
was a first prize winner at the last New York 
show, and yet he is a Boston terrier." After 
looking Pero carefully over he exclaimed : "Well, 
by gosh, they don't look much like brothers, but 
I guess some greenhorn will come along who will 
give me twenty-five dollars for him," and on in- 
quiring a little later was told the green gentle- 
man had called and bought the dog. 

How to breed the dogs so that the brindle will 
not become too dark, with the bright reddish 
sheen that sparkles in the sun, is the important 
question, and I am surprised at the ignorance 
displayed by kennel men that one would natur- 
ally suppose would have made the necessary sci- 
entific experiments to obtain this desirable shad- 
ing. Only a short time ago a doctor, a friend of 
mine, told me he had just started a kennel of 
Bostons, buying several bitches at a bargain on 
account of their being black in color, and that 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 103 

he proposed breeding them to a white dog to get 
puppies of a desirable brindle. He seemed quite 
surprised when told the only shades he could 
reasonably expect would be black, white and 
splashed, all equally undesirable. 

The system adopted in our kennels some years 
ago to obtain seal brindles with correct mark- 
ings and the desirable luster and reddish sheen 
to the coat is as follows : 

We take a rich red, or light mahogany bitch, 
with perfect markings, that comes from a family 
noted for the brilliancy of their color, and with- 
out white in the pedigrees for a number of gen- 
erations, and mate her always to a dark seal 
brindle dog with an ancestry back of him noted 
for the same color. The pups from these matings 
will come practically seventy-five per cent, me- 
dium seal brindles. We now take the females 
that approximate the nearest in shade to their 
mother, and mate them to a dark seal brindle 
dog always. The bitches that are the result of 
this union are always bred to a dark seal brindle 
dog. The females that come from the last 
union are bred to a medium seal brindle dog, 
but now comes the time to introduce a mahog- 
any brindle dog as a sire next time, for if these 
last bitches were mated to a seal brindle dog a 
large per cent, of the pups would come too dark 
or even black. This system is used indefinitely 
and desirable seal brindles with white markings 



104 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

can thus be always obtained. To the best of my 
recollection we have had but one black dog in 
twenty years. We have demonstrated, we trust, 
so that all may understand how golden, mahog- 
any, and seal brindles are obtained, and how 
they may be bred for all time without losing the 
brindle so essential, and we now pass on to the 
consideration of a far harder problem, the ob- 
taining of the rich seal brindles from all unde- 
sirable colors, and we present to all interested 
in this important, and practically unknown and 
misunderstood, problem the result of a number 
of years extended and scientific experiments 
which, we confess, were disheartening and un- 
productive for a long time, but which ultimately 
resulted in success, the following rules to be 
observed, known as "The St. Botolph Color 
Chart." 

In presenting this we are fully aware that as 
far as we know this is the only scientific system 
evolved up to date, also that there are a number 
of breeders of the American dog who maintain 
that this is an absolute impossibility, that breed- 
ing for color is as absurd as it is impractical, 
but we can assure these honest doubters that we 
have blazed a trail, and all they now have to do 
is simply to follow instructions and success will 
crown their efiforts. 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 105 

We will enumerate the following colors in the 
order of their resistance, so to speak: 

No. I. White. This color, theoretically a 
combination of red, green and violet will be 
found the hardest to eliminate, as the shade de- 
sired will have to be worked in, so to speak, and 
it will take several generations before a seal 
brindle with perfect markings that can be de- 
pended upon to always reproduce itself can be 
obtained. Starting with a white bitch (always 
remember that the shades desired must be pos- 
sessed by the dog), we breed her always to a 
golden brindle dog. The bitches (those most 
resembling the sire in color being selected) from 
these two are mated to a dark mahogany brindle 
dog, and the females from this last union are 
mated to a dark seal brindle dog. It will readily 
be observed that we have bred into the 
white color, golden, mahogany and seal brindle, 
and this admixture of color will give practically 
over ninety per cent, of desirable brindles. Al- 
ways see that the sires used are perfectly marked, 
from ancestry possessing the same correct 
markings. This is absolutely imperative, where 
the stock to be improved is worked upon is white. 

No. 2. Black. This color is the opposite of 
white, inasmuch as there is an excess of pig- 
ment, which in this case will have to be worked 
out. Breed the black bitch to a red brindle dog 



io6 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

(with the same conditions regarding his ances- 
try). The females from these matings bred 
always to a dark mahogany brindle dog. The 
females from the last matings breed to a medium 
seal brindle dog with a very glossy coat, and the 
result of these last matings will be good seal 
brindles. If any bitches should occasionally 
come black, breed always to a golden brindle 
dog. No other shade will do the trick. 

No. 3. Gray brindle. This is practically a 
dead color, but easy to work out. Breed first 
to a golden brindle dog. The females from this 
union breed to a rich mahogany brindle, and the 
bitches from this last litter breed to a seal brin- 
dle dog. 

No. 4. Buckskin. Breed bitch to golden 
brindle dog; the females from this union to a 
red brindle dog (if unobtainable, use mahogany 
brindle dog, but this is not so effective), and 
the females from last union breed to a seal brin- 
dle dog. 

No. 5. Liver. This is a great deal like the 
last, but a little harder to manipulate. Breed 
first to a golden brindle dog. The females from 
this union breed to a seal brindle. The bitches 
from this union breed to mahogany brindle dog 
with black bars running through the coat, and 
the females from last mating breed to seal brin- 
dles. 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 107 

No. 6. Mouse color. Use same process as 
for gray brindles. 

No. 7. Yellow. A very undesirable shade, 
but easy to eliminate. Breed to mahogany brin- 
dle dog as dark as can be obtained, and bitches 
from this mating breed to a seal brindle dog. 

No. 8. , Steel and tiger brindles I class to- 
gether, as the process is the same and results 
are easy. Breed first to a red brindle dog; 
bitches from this union to a dark mahogany 
brindle, and then use seal brindle dog on bitch 
from last mating. 

No. 9. Red brindle. No skill is required here. 
Breed first to mahogany brindles, and bitches 
from this union to seal brindles. 

We have now enumerated practically all the 
less desirable shades, but let me observe in 
passing, in the process of color breeding that 
the law of atavism, or "throwing back," often 
asserts itself, and we shall see colors belonging 
to a far-off ancestry occasionally presenting 
themselves in all these matings. Once in a while 
a dog will be found that no matter what color 
bitches he may be mated with, he will mark a 
certain number of the litter with the peculiar 
color or markings of some remote ancestor. Just 
a case apropos of this will suffice. We used in 
our kennels a dog of perfect markings, coming 
from an immediate ancestry of perfectly marked 



io8 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

dogs, and mated him with quite a number of 
absolutely perfectly marked bitches that we had 
bred for a great number of years that had before 
that had perfectly marked pups, and every bitch, 
no m.atter how bred, had over fifty per cent, of 
white headed pups. We saw the pups in other 
places sired by this dog, no matter where bred, 
similarly marked. We found his grandmother 
was a white headed dog, and this dog inherited 
this feature in his blood, and passed it on to pos- 
terity. The minute a stud dog, perfect in him- 
self, is prepotent to impress upon his offspring 
a defect in his ancestry, discard him at once. I 
have often been amused to see how frequently 
this law of atavism is either misunderstood or 
ignored. Only recently I have seen a number 
of letters in a leading dog magazine, in which 
several people who apparently ought to know 
better, were accusing litters of bulldog pups as 
being of impure blood because there were one 
or two black pups amongst them. They must, 
of course, have been conversant with the fact 
that bulldogs years ago frequently came of that 
color, and failed to reason that in consequence 
of this, pups of that shade are liable once in a 
while to occur. It is always a safe rule in color 
breeding to discard as a stud a dog, no 
matter how brilliant his coat may be, who per- 




TOM SAYERS, One of the Pillars of the Breed 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 109 

sistently sires pups whose colors are indistinct 
and run together, as it were. 

Remember, in closing this chapter, that as 
"eternal vigilance is the price of liberty," so the 
eternal admixtures of colors is the price of rich 
brindles. If one has the time the works of an 
Austrian monk named Mendel are of great in- 
terest as bearing somewhat on this subject, and 
the two English naturalists, Messrs. Everett and 
J. G. Millais, whose writings contain the result 
of extensive scientific experiments on dogs and 
game birds, are of absorbing interest also. 



CHAPTER X. 



SALES. 



Every person who has bred Bostons for any 
length of time knows that a good dog sells him- 
self. I do not imagine there is practically any 
part of this great country where a typical dog, 
of proper color and markings and all right in 
every respect, fails to meet a prospective buyer, 
and yet, of course, there are certain places 
where an A i dog, like an ideal saddle or car- 
riage horse meets with a readier sale, at a far 
greater price than others. New York city, in 
particular, and all the larger cities of the coun- 
try where there are large accumulations of wealth, 
offer the best markets for the greatest numbers 
of this aristocratic member of the dog fraternity, 
and from my own personal knowledge the larger 
cities of the countries adjacent to the United 
States furnish nearly as good a market, at a 
somewhat reduced price. Were the quarantines 
removed in the mother country, which England 
no doubt has found absolutely necessary, it 
would not surprise me in the least to see an 



THE BOSTON TERRIER in 

unprecedented demand for the Boston at very 
high prices, and I am going to make a prediction 
that on the continent of Europe it will not be 
long before the American dog will follow the 
trotting horse, and will work his way eastward, 
until jealous China and strange Japan will be 
as enamoured with him as we are, and his 
devotees at the Antipodes will be wondering 
where he got his little screw tail, and why that 
sweet, serene expression on his face, like the 
"Quaker Oat smile," never comes off. This to 
a person who knows not the Boston may seem 
extravagant praise, but to all such we simply 
say: Get one, and then see if you are not ready 
to exclaim with the Queen of Sheba, when vis- 
iting King Solomon and being shown his treas- 
ures: "Behold, the half was not told me!" 
Perhaps the system of sales that has always been 
followed by us may be of interest to many en- 
gaged in the breeding of the dog, and while we 
do not hold a patent on the same, or even sug- 
gest its adoption by others, must confess it has 
worked with entire satisfaction in our case, and 
we have never once failed to receive the pur- 
chase money. We must say in explanation that 
our customers practically are all bankers and 
brokers, and that our dogs have never been sold 
by advertising or being exhibited at shows, but 
by being recommended by one man to another, 



112 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

starting many years ago by the first sale to a 
Boston banker, then to several members of his 
firm, going from Boston to their correspondents 
in other cities, until the orders come in from 
everywhere. We had three orders from as many 
countries in one mail last week. I merely men- 
tion this to show how the demand for the dog 
has grown. When we commenced to sell dogs 
we adopted the following plan, which we con- 
ceived to be just and equitable alike to buyer 
and seller: When a dog is ordered we send 
on one which we believe will fill the bill, accu- 
rately describing the dog, stating age, pedigree, 
etc., and stating that when the customer is per- 
fectly satisfied with the dog (as long a trial 
being given as may be wished) in every respect, 
a check will be accepted, and not before. Should 
the dog at any time prove unsatisfactory in any 
way, the purchase money will be cheerfully 
refunded, or a dog of equal value will be sent 
in exchange. In the case of a bitch that fails 
to become a good breeder, the same plan, of 
course, is followed. In regard to the sale of 
puppies, we guarantee them (barring accidents, 
and the showing of them, when owner assumes 
risks) to reach maturity, and in case they do 
not, refund purchase money, or send on another 
puppy of equal value. 

Of course, where the buyer is not known, or 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 113 

personally recommended, then the seller has to 
adopt entirely different methods. Still, I see no 
reason why an honest man who has a Boston, 
or any other dog, for sale, or, in fact, any article 
of merchandise, should not be willing to send on 
the same to any honest buyer. This is on the 
assumption, of course, that both parties arc 
honorable men. To the seller I advise the pur- 
chase money being received before the dog is 
shipped, and express charges guaranteed, if the 
buyer is not known or unable to supply absolutely 
reliable references. Decline to receive any 
order where the object sought is to obtain a 
dog to use to breed to a* bitch, or several, as the 
case may be, and then be returned as unsatis- 
factory. We have had no experience in this line, 
but are informed it has frequently been done. 
If such a customer presents himself, simply tell 
him he can inspect the dog or have an expert do 
so for him if too far away to come, but that 
when the deal is closed and the money paid that 
under no conditions whatever can the dog be 
returned. In regard to the seller shipping the 
dog to its destination, we will say that we think 
he will run practically no risk in so doing. If 
the dog is all right in every way it is dollars to 
doughnuts that he will arrive in perfect condi- 
tion. We can say that in over twenty years' 
shipments of dogs to all parts of the country and 



114 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

beyond we have never had a dog die en route, 
lost, exchanged, or stolen. I think the express 
companies of this country, Canada, Mexico, and 
beyond, are to be highly commended for the 
excellent care they take of the dogs committed 
to their charge, neither do I think the express 
charges are ever excessive, when one considers 
the value of the dogs carried. 

We will now consider the case of the buyer, 
assuming, of course, he is known or capable of 
presenting suitable references. We always advise 
him to deal with kennels or dealers of estab- 
lished reputations. Run no chances with any 
other unless you desire to be "trimmed." Pray 
do not be misled by glowing advertisements 
(stating that they have the largest kennels on 
earth) in every paper that does not know them. 
I have investigated quite a number of these so- 
called kennels and found they usually consisted 
of an old box stall in a cheap stable, or a room 
over an equally cheap barroom, and their stock 
in trade consisted of two or three muts. 

Be very suspicious of any man who advertises 
that he has dogs for sale that can win in fast 
company for fifty or a hundred dollars, or A i 
bitches in whelp to noted dogs for the same 
price. Any man who possesses these kinds of 
dogs does not have to advertise their sale. There 
are plenty of people here in Boston only too 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 115 

glad to buy this kind of stock at three or four 
times this price. 

I attended the last show in Boston with a 
number of orders in my pocket, but failed to 
discover any dogs I picked out possessing the 
quality described at anything less than a good 
stiff price, for Boston terriers with the "hall 
mark" of quality have been, are, and, I believe, 
always will be, as staple in value as diamonds. 

The number of letters we have received from 
all over the country, particularly from the West, 
complaining of the skin games played upon 
them by fake kennels and dealers, would make 
an angel weep, and make one almost regret that 
one ever knew a Boston. If the same ingenuity, 
skill and patience employed in the getting up of 
these fake advertisements had been devoted to 
the breeding of the dog, this class of advertising 
gentry ( ?) would have produced something fit 
to sell. It is stated on the best of authority that 
in some cases nothing was shipped for money 
received. 

In spite of this vast number of unscrupulous 
breeders and dealers scattered abroad, I think 
the chances for reliable kennels was never so 
good as now in the history of the breed. Cream 
will always rise, and right dealing, whether in 
dogs or diamonds, will ever meet with their just 
returns. Remember that one never forgets being 



ij6 the boston terrier 

"taken in" in a horse trade, and when, instead of 
a horse a dog is involved, I think one never for- 
gives as well. To that number of persons who, 
in their daily walks of life are fairly honest, but 
who, when it comes to a trade in dogs are apt 
to lose that fine sense of justice that should 
characterize all transactions, we would say with 
Shakespeare: "To thine own self be true. 
Thou canst not then be false to any man." Yea, 
we would repeat the command of a greater than 
Shakespeare, to whom, I trust, we all pay rev- 
erence, when He lays down for us all the Golden 
Rule : "Whatsoever ye would that men would 
do to you, do ye even so to them." 

To go back to the responsible buyer who is 
in the market for a good dog, we say: Send 
your orders to responsible men, with said dogs 
to sell, stating exactly what you want, and the 
price you desire to pay, agreeing to send a check 
just as soon as dogs prove satisfactor>^ assum- 
ing, of course, express charges. Reputable 
dealers and breeders are looking for just such 
customers. 

To all breeders and dealers who have not an 
established reputation, would say: Advertise 
accurately what you have for sale in first class 
reliable papers and magazines. In regard to 
prices, the following scale, adopted by us 
many years ago, and which we have never seen 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 117 

since any reason to change, is practically as fol- 
lows : . 

For pups from two to three months old, from 
fifty to seventy-five dollars. When six months 
old, from seventy-five to a hundred: From six 
months to maturity, from one hundred to two 
hundred. These prices are, of course, for the 
ordinary all-around good dogs. With dogs that 
approximate perfection, and which only come in 
the same proportion as giants and dwarfs do In 
the human race (I believe the proportion is one 
in five thousand), and the advent of which 
would surprise the average kennel man as much 
as if the President had sent him a special invi- 
tation to dine with him at the White House, the 
price is problematical, and is negotiated solely 
by the demand for such a wonder by a compara- 
tively few buyers. 

I think Boston terriers as a breed occupy the 
same position amongst dogs as the hunter and 
carriage horse does amongst horses. Each are 
more or less a luxury. A well matched pair of 
horses of good all-round action, of desirable 
color and perfect manners and suitable age will 
sell in the Eastern cities (I am not sufficiently 
acquainted with the other sections of the country 
to know values there) at from eight hundred to 
two thousand dollars, but with a pair of carriage 
horses able to win on the tan bark, the price will 



iiS THE BOSTON TERRIER 

be regulated by the comparatively few people 
who have sufficient money to spare to purchase 
this fashionable luxury, and ten times the amount 
paid for the first mentioned pair would be a rea- 
sonable price to pay for the prize winners. I 
think the winners of the blue in the Bostons 
would fetch a relative sum. 

The important factor of the cost of produc- 
tion in the case of the dog necessarily enters into 
the selling price. Good Bostons are as hard to 
raise as first class hunters, and a correspondingly 
large sum has to be obtained to meet expenses, to 
say nothing of profit, but in the writer's experi- 
ence the best dog or horse sells the readiest. Do 
not be misled by the remark "that a dog is worth 
all he will bring." Generally speaking, this is 
sound logic, but not always. Many dogs have 
been sold for very little by people not cognizant 
of their value, but this in no way changed the 
intrinsic worth of the dog. On the other hand, 
many dogs have been disposed of at many times 
their real value, but this transaction did not 
enhance their worth in the slightest degree. A 
gold dollar is worth one hundred cents whether 
changed for fifty cents or five hundred. An 
article of intrinsic value never changes. Our 
advice to all who have dogs for sale (or any 
other article, in fact), ask what you know is a 
good, honest, fair value, and although you may 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 119 

not sell the dog today, remember that there are 
other days to follow. What I am going to add 
now I know a great many dealers and breeders 
will laugh at and declare me a fit subject for an 
alienist to work on, but it is fundamentally true 
just the same, and is this: Never ask or take 
for a dog more than you know (not guess) the 
dog is worth. This is nothing but ordinary, 
common everyday justice that every man has 
every right to demand of his fellow man, and 
every man that is a gentleman will recognize 
the truth and force of. 

I was reading a novel this summer, and one 
statement amongst a great many good ones im- 
pressed me. It stated "that all men were divided 
into two classes: those that behaved themselves, 
and those who did not." We all know that 
society has divided men into many classes, but 
I think any thoughtful man will confess, in the 
last analysis, that the novelist's classification was 
the correct one. I need not apply the moral. 

It will be somewhat of a temptation to resist 
taking what a party, liberally supplied with this 
world's goods, will frequently in their ignorance 
offer for a dog that appeals to them, but which 
the owner knows perfectly well is not worth the 
price offered. If he belongs to the class that 
behaves themselves he will tell the prospective 
buyer what the dog is intrinsically worth, and 



120 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

point out the reasons why he is not worth more. 
You may depend that you have not only obtained 
a customer for Hfe, but one that will readily 
advertise your kennels under all circumstances. 
I shall have to ask the reader to overlook the 
apparent egotism of the statements I am now 
about to make, but as this book is largely the 
outgrowth of the author's own experience, of 
necessity personal matters are spoken of. 

A number of years ago I received an order 
from the Western coast, through a Boston house, 
for a good all-round puppy at two hundred dol- 
lars. I sent the puppy on, and much to the sur- 
prise of the customer, stated my price for him 
v/ould be one hundred instead of two. The 
pup matured into a very nice dog, as I expected 
he would, being a Cracksman pup out of a good 
bitch. What has been the result of this treat- 
ment? Ever since (and no later than yesterday), 
orders for dogs from this gentleman have been 
coming right along. 

Another case, and this is only a sample of 
several from the same city : A number of years 
back a New York lady, accompanied by her 
husband, came to our kennels to purchase a dog. 
I had quite a handsome litter of five or six 
months old pups by "Merk Jr.," out of Buster 
stock on the dam's side, one of which, a perfectly 
marked seal brindle female, at once took her 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 121 

fancy, and she said : "We have just come from 
another large kennel in Boston where they asked 
us three hundred dollars for a little female I 
do not like nearly as well as this one." Her 
husband was one of the leading men of one of 
the largest trusts in the country, and money was 
apparently no object, and when I replied, "Mrs. 
Keller, that dog you select is not worth over 
fifty dollars (the price I afterwards sold her for) 
and the best dog in the litter I shall be glad to 
let 3'ou have for seventy-five," she seemed much 
surprised. I then, of course, told her that the 
dogs were not worth more as their muzzles were 
not deep enough to be worth a higher price than 
I wanted. I recently received a letter from her 
stating that her dog was still as active and much 
loved as ever, and the number of orders that 
have come to me through the sale of this dog 
v/ould surprise the owners of those kennels who 
stick their customers with an outrageous price, 
and who find to their sorrow that no subsequent 
orders ever come, either from the customer or 
any one else in the vicinity. People have a way 
sooner or later (usually sooner) in discovering 
when they have been overcharged and act ac- 
cordingly. 

One other recommendation I wish to make in 
place here is: "Never try to fill an order that 
one has not the dogs to suit." Frankly say so, 



122 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

and recommend a brother fancier that you know 
has. One good turn deserves another and he 
may have a chance later to reciprocate. This 
creates a kindly feeling amongst kennel men, 
and is productive of good will, and ofttimes a 
large increase in business. A few years ago a 
lady from Connecticut came to see me to buy 
a first class dog or a pair, if she could get suited. 
I knew that in the past she had paid the highest 
price for her Bostons, and she wanted a dog in 
the neighborhood of two thousand dollars. I told 
her at once I had nothing for sale to suit her, but 
that I knew a man who owned a dog I considered 
worth about that sum, and recommended her 
strongly to buy him, and sent her to Mr. Keady, 
who sold to her "Gordon Boy" for that price. 
The sequel to this is somewhat amusing and 
shows how reciprocity did not take place. I 
went to see a litter of pups at Mr. Keady 's house 
soon after, and expected to obtain a somewhat 
favorable price on the pup I picked out of the 
litter on account of the sale of the dog, and 
ofifered the gentleman three hundred dollars for 
him, upon which he replied: "Mr. Axtell, do 
you think that five weeks old pup is worth that 
sum?" and upon my replying, "I certainly do,' 
instead of saying, "All right, take him," he ex- 
claimed : "If that is your opinion, and I know 
you always say what you believe, then he is 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 123 

worth that sum to me," and put him back in the 
box. He subsequently sold him to Mr. Borden 
for over six thousand dollars, the highest price 
ever obtained for a Boston. 

While writing on the subject of sales, I think 
it will be in order to speak of a matter that is 
a source of anxiety to a great many breeders, 
and that is the getting rid of the small bitches 
that are too small to breed. We have always 
found a ready sale for these when properly 
spayed for ladies' pets, largely in New York 
city. They make ideal house dogs, perhaps 
more winning and affectionate in their manner 
than others, never wandering off, and I believe 
the license fee is the same as for a male. Great 
care must be taken that the operation is thor- 
oughly performed by a competent veterinary, 
and it is usually best done when the pup is six 
months old. My first experience may be of 
value and interest. I had a little "Buster" bitch 
that I felt assured to my sorrow was to small to 
whelp successfully, and being much fancied by 
a lady doctor in Waterbury, Conn., advised spay- 
ing before being sent. I took her to a veterinary 
with a good reputation in Boston, and after the 
dog had fully recovered from the operation, sent 
her to Dr. Conky. What was my surprise to 
hear that when nine months old she had come 
"in season." I sent the ex-President of the 



124 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

Boston Terrier Club, Dr. Osgood, down and an 
additional cost of fifty dollars ensued, whereas 
the first charge of two dollars would have been 
all that was necessary if the operation had been 
properly done in the first place . Am glad to say 
I have seen no failures since. I can conceive of 
no reason why there should not be a ready sale 
for this class of dogs in all sections of the coun- 
try, and the disposal of the same will materially 
help the income of a great many breeders. 

In conclusion let me state: "Put a price on 
your dogs that in your best judgment you know 
(not guess) to be a fair and equitable one (and 
if unable to decide what is right, call in an hon- 
orable expert who can) and take neither more 
nor less. Always remember that a man can 
raise horses, corn, cotton, or dogs (or any other 
honest product) and be a gentleman, but the 
moment he raises "Cain" he ceases to be one. 




GOODE'S BUSTER 




CHAMPION WHISPER 



CHAPTER XL 



BOSTON TERRIER TYPE AND THE 
STANDARD. 



The standard adopted by the Boston Terrier 
Club in 1900 was the resuh of earnest, sincere, 
thoughtful dehberations of as conservative and 
conscientious a body of men as could anywhere 
be gotten together. Nothing was done in haste, 
the utmost consideration was given to every de- 
tail, and it was a thoroughly matured, and 
practically infallible guide to the general charac- 
ter and type of the breed by men who were 
genuine lovers of the dog for its own sake, who 
were perfectly familiar with the breed from its 
start, and who were cognizant of every point 
and characteristc which differentiated him from 
the bulldog on the one side and the bull terrier 
on the other, and while admitting the just 
claims of every other breed, believed sincerely 
that the dog evolved under their fostering care 
was the peer, if not the superior, of all in the 
particular sphere for which he was designed, 



.126 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

an all-round house dog and companion. In the 
writer's estimation this type of dog, for the par- 
ticular position in life, so to speak, he is to oc- 
cupy, could not in any way be improved, and 
the mental qualities that accompany the physical 
characteristics (which are particularly specified 
in the first chapter) are of such inestimable 
value that any possible change would be detri- 
mental. It may be observed that it was the dogs 
of this type that have led the van everywhere 
in the days when he was practically unknown 
outside of the state in which he originated. 
"Monte," "Druid Vixon," "Bonnie," "Revilo 
Peach," and dogs of their conformation possessed 
a type of interesting individuality that blazed 
the way east, west, north and south. Does any 
one imagine that the so-called terrier type one so 
often hears of, and which a large number of peo- 
ple are apparently led today to believe to be 
"par excellence," the correct thing, would have 
been capable of so doing? No one realizes more 
fully than the writer the fact that the bully type 
can be carried too far, and great harm will 
inevitably ensue, but the swing of the pendu- 
lum to the exaggerated terrier type will in time, 
I firmly believe, ring in his death knell. It is 
a source of wonderment to me that numbers of 
men who don the ermine can distribute prizes to 
the weedy specimens, shallow in muzzle, light in 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 127 

bone and substance, long in body, head and tail, 
who adorn ( ?) the shows of the past few years. 
I am not a prophet, neither the son of one, but I 
will hazard my reputation in predicting that be- 
fore many years have rolled, a type, approximat- 
ing that authorized by the Boston Terrier Club 
in 1900 will prevail, and the friends of the dog 
will undoubtedly believe it to be good enough 
to last for all time. 

It will readily be recalled that Lord Byron 
said of the eminent actor, Sheridan, "that nature 
broke the die in moulding one such man," and 
the same may be affirmed with equal truth of the 
Boston terrier, and he will ever remain a type 
superior to and diflfer from all other breeds in 
his particular sphere. 

It may not be generally known by those who 
are insisting on a much more terrier conforma- 
tion than the standard calls for, that an equally 
extreme desire for an exaggerated bull type pre- 
vailed a number of years ago amongst some of the 
dogs' warmest supporters, whose ideal was that 
practically of a miniature bulldog, without the 
pronounced contour of the same. I remember 
when I joined the Club in the early days that 
some of the members then were afraid that the 
dogs were approximating too much to the terrier 
side of the house. What their views today would 
be I leave the reader to imagine. The plain 



128 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

fact of the case is, the dog should be a happy 
medium between the two, the bull and the ter- 
rier. Can any intelligent man find a chance for 
improvement here? I admit that many people 
are so constituted that a change is necessary in 
practically everything they are brought into close 
contact with. But is a change necessarily an 
improvement? If some men could change the 
color of their eyes or the general contour of 
their features they would never rest satisfied 
until they had so done, but they would speedily 
find out that such a change would be very detri- 
mental to their appearance, the harmony of fea- 
tures and corelation of one part to another 
would be distorted. I admit readily that one 
very important result would be obtained, viz., 
the dog of the pronounced terrier type could be 
bred much more easily. But is an easy produc- 
tion a desideratum? I certainly think not. To 
those who "must be doing something" and who 
find a certain sense of satisfaction in tinkering 
with the standard, we extend our pity, and 
state that experience is a hard school, but some 
people will learn in no other. To those of us 
who love the dog as he is, and who believe in 
"letting well enough alone," we admit we might 
as well suggest to improve the majestic propor- 
tions of the old world cathedrals and castles we 
all love so much to see, or advocate the lighten- 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 129 

ing up of the shadows on the canvas of the old 
masters, or recommend the touching up of the 
immortal carvings of the Italian sculptors. We 
advise the preacher to stick to his text, and the 
shoemaker to his last, and to all those who would 
improve the standard we say: Hands off! One 
very important feature in connection with the 
Standard is, that while breeders and judges are 
perfectly willing to have all dogs that come in 
the heavyweight class conform practically to it, 
when the lightweights and toys are concerned, 
a somewhat different type is permitted and the 
so-called terrier type is allowed, hence we see a 
tendency with the smaller dogs to a narrower 
chest, longer face and tail. While personally I 
am in favor of a dog weighing from sixteen to 
twenty pounds, or even somewhat heavier, there 
is absolutely no reason why one should not have 
any sized dog one desires, but please observe, 
do not breed small dogs at the expense of the 
type. Let the ten or twelve pound dog conform 
to the standard as much as if it weighed twenty. 
I think an object lesson will be of inestimable 
value here. Every one who has visited the poul- 
try shows of the past few years must have been 
delighted and impressed to see the beautiful 
varieties of bantams. Take the games, for ex- 
ample, with their magnificent plumage and 
sprightly bearing. On even a casual examina- 



130 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

tion it will be discovered that these little fowls 
are an exact reproduction of the game fowl in 
miniature. The same identical proportions, 
symmetry and shape. Take the lordly Brahma 
and the bantam bearing the same name, and the 
same exact proportions prevail. And so it should 
be with the small Boston terrier. They should 
possess the same proportions and symmetry as the 
larger. Remember always that when the dog is 
bred too much away from the bulldog type, 
a great loss in the loving disposition of the dog 
is bound to ensue. Personally, if the type had 
to be changed, I would rather lean to the bull 
type than the terrier. The following testimony 
of a Boston banker and director of the Union 
Pacific Railroad, to whom I sold two large dogs 
that were decidedly on the bull type, may be of 
interest at this point. Speaking of the first dog 
he said : 'T have had all kinds of dogs, but I 
get more genuine pleasure out of my Boston 
terrier than all my other dogs combined. When 
I reach home in the afternoon I am met at the 
gate by Prince, and when I sit down to read my 
paper or a book the dog is at my feet on the 
rug, staying there perfectly still as long as I 
do. When dinner is announced he goes with 
me to the dining room, takes his place by my 
side, and every little while licks my hands, and 
when I go out for my usual walk before retir- 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 131 

ing the dog is waiting for me at the door while 
I put my hat and coat on. He follows me, never 
running away or barking, and he sleeps on a mat 
outside my door at night, and I never worry 
about burglars." All this is very simple and 
commonplace, but it shows why this type of a 
dog is liked. In regard to the dififerences of 
opinion that different judges exhibit when pass- 
ing upon a dog in the show room, one preferring 
one type of a dog and the other another, this, of 
course, is morally wrong. The standard re- 
quirements should govern, and not individual 
preferences. We hear a good deal said nowa- 
days about the cleaning up of the head, and the 
so-called terrier finish. That seems to be the 
thing to do, but does not the standard call for 
a compactly built dog, finished in every part of 
his make-up, and possessing style and a grace- 
ful carriage? This being the case, a dog should 
not possess wrinkled, loose skin on head or neck, 
and the shoulders should be neat and trim. In 
a word, in comporting to the standard a dog is 
produced that possesses a harmonious whole, "a 
thing of beauty" and a joy as long as he lives. 
In short, the dog should be as far removed from 
the bull type as he is from the terrier. If the 
present judges can not see their way clear to 
follow the standard, why, appoint those that 
will, for as every fair minded man agrees, the 



132 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

dogs should follow the standard and not the 
standard follow the dogs. It is needless to add 
that I do not share in the pessimistic view taken 
by many lovers of the dog who think he will 
be permanently injured by the differences of 
opinion that prevail as to the type, etc., and the 
personalities that sometimes mar the showing 
of the dog, for I am of the same opinion as was 
probably felt by the great fish who had to give 
up Jonah, "that it is an impossible feat to keep 
a good man (or dog) down," and that instead of 
falling off, as one writer intimates, he will fall 
into the good graces of a larger number of peo- 
ple than has heretofore fallen to the lot of any 
variety of man's best friend. 




CHAMPION BOYLSTON REINA 



CHAPTER XII. 



TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN RELA- 
TION TO THE BOSTON TERRIER, 
AND THEIR MEANING. 



A Cracker jack — A first class, typical dog. 
A Mut — A worthless specimen. 
A Flyer — A dog capable of winning in any 
company. 

A Weed — A leggy, thin, attenuated dog, bred so. 
A Fake — A dog whose natural appearance has 

been interfered with to hide defects. 
A Dope — A dog afflicted, usually with chorea, 

that has had cocain administered to him to 

stop the twitching while in the judging ring. 
A Ringer — ^A dog shown under a false name, 

that has previously been shown under his right 

name. 

Apple-headed — Skull round, instead of flat on 
top. 



134 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

Broken-up Face — Bulldog face, with deep stop 

and wrinkle and receding nose. 
Frog or Down Face — Nose not receding. 
Dish-faced — One whose nasal bone is higher at 

the nose than at the stop. 
Butterfly Nose — A spotted nose. 
Dudley Nose — A flesh-colored nose. 
Rose Ear — An ear which the tip turns backward 

and downward, disclosing the inside. 
Button Ear — An ear that falls over in front, 

concealing the inside. 

Tulip Ear — An upright, or pricked ear. 
Blaze — The white line up the face. 

Cheeky — When the cheek bumps are strongly 
defined. 

Occiput — The prominent bone at the back or top 
of the skull, noticeably prominent in blood- 
hounds. 

Chops — The pendulous lips of the bulldog. 

Cushion — Fullness in the top lips. 

Dewlap — The pendulous skin under the throat. 

Lippy — The hanging lips of some dogs, who 
should not possess same, as in the bull ter- 
rier. 

Layback — A receding nose. 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 135 

Pig-jawed — The upper jaw protruding over the 
lower; an exaggeration of an undershot jaw. 

Overshot — 'The upper teeth projecting beyond 
the lower. 

Undershot — The lower incisor teeth projecting 
beyond the upper, as in bulldogs. 

Wrinkle — Loose, folding skin over the skull. 

Wall Eye — A blue mottled eye. 

Snipy — Too pointed in muzzle; pinched. 

Stop — The indentation between the skull and 
the nasal bone near the eyes. 

Septum — The division between the nostrils. 

Leather — The skin of the ear. 

Expression — The size and placement of the eye 

• determines the expression of the dog. 

Brisket — That part of the body in front of the 
chest and below the neck. 

Chest — That part of the body between the fore- 
legs, sometimes called the breast, extending 
from the brisket to the body. 

Cobby — Thick set; low in stature, and short 
coupled; or well ribbed up, short and com- 
pact. 

Couplings — The space between the tops of the 
shoulder blades, and the tops of the hip joints. 
A dog is accordingly said to be long or short 
"in the couplings." 



136 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

Deep in Brisket — Deep in chest. 

Elbows — The joint at the top of forearm. 

Elbows Out — Self-explanatory ; either congeni- 
tal, or as a result of weakness. 

Flat-sided — Flat in ribs ; not rounded. 

Forearm — The foreleg between the elbows and 
pastern. 

Pastern — The lower section of the leg below the 
knee or hock respectively. 

Shoulders — The top of the shoulder blades, the 
point at which a dog is measured. 

Racy — Slight in build and leggy. 

Roach-back — The arched or wheel formation of 
loin. 

Pad — The underneath portion of the foot. 

Loins — The part of body between the last rib 
and hindquarters. 

Long in flank — Long in back of loins. 

Lumber — Unnecessary flesh. 

Cat-foot — A short, round foot, with the knuckles 
well developed. 

Hare-foot — A long, narrow foot, carried for- 
ward. 

Splay-foot — A flat, awkward forefoot, usually 
turned outward. 

Stifles — The upper joint of hind legs. 



THE BOSTON TERRIER 137 

Second Thighs — The muscular development 

between stifle joint and hock. 
The Hock — ^The lowest point of the hind leg. 
Spring — Round, or well sprung ribs; not flat. 
Shelly — Narrow, shelly body. 
Timber — Bone. 

Tucked Up — Tucked up loin, as seen in grey- 
hounds. 

Upright Shoulders— Shoulders that are set in 
an upright, mstead of an oblique position. 

Leggy— Having the legs too long in proportion 
to body. 

Stern — Tail. 

Screw Tail — A tail twisted in the form of a 

screw. 

Kink Tail — A tail with a break or kink in it. 

Even Mouthed — A term used to describe a dog 
whose jaws are neither overhung nor under- 
hung. 

Beefy — Big, beefy hind quarters. 

Bully — Where the dog approaches the bulldog 

too much in conformation. 
Terrier Type — Where the dog approaches the 

terrier too much in conformation. 
Cow-hocked — The hocks turning inward. 
Saddle-back — The opposite of roach-back. 



138 THE BOSTON TERRIER 

Lengthy — Possessing length of body. 

Broody — A broody bitch; one whose length of 
conformation evidences a likely mother ; one 
who will whelp easily and rear her pups. 

Blood — A blood; a dog whose appearance de- 
notes high breeding. 

Condition — Another name for perfect health, 
without superfluous flesh, coat in the best of 
shape, and spirits lively and cheerful. 

Style — (Showy, and of a stylish, gay demeanor. 

Listless — Dull and sluggish. 

Character — A sub-total of all the points which 
give to the dog the desired character associ- 
ated with his particular variety, which differ- 
entiates him from all other breeds. 

Hall-mark — That stamp of quality that distin- 
guishes him from inferior dogs, as the ster- 
ling mark on silver, or the hall-mark on the 
same metal in England. 



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